2026 AND EXPLANATIONS
◉ What are some treatments for addiction?
Answer: Therapy, rehabilitation, pharmacotherapies including
agonists, antagonists, and partial agonists
◉ What is the role of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and high-
density lipoproteins (HDLs) in coronary heart disease (CHD)?
Answer: LDLs are often considered bad cholesterol, while HDLs are
considered good; the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL is a better
predictor of heart disease
◉ What is the optimum ratio of total cholesterol to HDL for heart
health?
Answer: Around 3.5:1
◉ What is the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Answer: The rate at which the body expends energy at rest to
maintain basic physiological functions
◉ What is the process of energy storage in the body?
, Answer: Energy can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles,
and fats can be stored in adipose tissue
◉ What is atherosclerosis?
Answer: A slow process characterized by the buildup of
atheromatous plaques in the arteries
◉ What triggers the initial inflammatory response in
atherosclerosis?
Answer: Accumulation of white blood cells, cholesterol, triglycerides,
etc.
◉ What is plaque formation associated with?
Answer: Plaque rupture leading to thrombus or embolus.
◉ What are the most common fatal outcomes of plaque formation?
Answer: Myocardial infarction (heart attack) and stroke.
◉ What are the key components of screening for cardiovascular
diseases?
Answer: Blood pressure, cholesterol, BMI, waist circumference, and
blood glucose.