BIOCHEMISTRY CONCEPTS AND
CONNECTIONS SECOND EDITION DEAN
APPLING STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ Hydrolysis of Nucleotides.
Answer: Base hydrolyzes RNA, but not DNA. DNA is stable in base
because of 2' deoxy position.
⩥ Chargaff's Rule.
Answer: Ratio of A:T and G:C are always equal or close to 1
⩥ DNA Double-Helix.
Answer: Opposite strand direction. 3.4Å distance between
complementary bases. 36Å for one complete turn.
⩥ A-form DNA.
Answer: Condensed form of DNA. Deeper major groove and shallower
minor groove.
⩥ B-form DNA.
,Answer: Watson-Crick model DNA. Deep, wide major groove.
⩥ Z-form DNA.
Answer: Left-handed helical form of DNA
⩥ Inverted Repeat in DNA.
Answer: Found in double-strands.
TTAGCAC|GTGCTAA
AATCGTG|CACGATT
Forms a cruciform.
⩥ Mirror Repeat in DNA/RNA.
Answer: Found in single-strands.
TTAGCAC|GTGCTAA
Forms a hairpin
⩥ DNA UV Absorbtion.
Answer: Absorbs UV light at 260nm.
⩥ Restriction Enzyme.
Answer: Cuts DNA at specific restriction sites.
, ⩥ DNA Base-paring.
Answer: G-C base pairs have 3 H-bonds
A-T base pairs have 2 H-bonds
⩥ GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor).
Answer: α-helical integral membrane proteins. Is a αßɣ heterotrimer.
⩥ ß-adrenergic receptor.
Answer: Prototype for all GPCR's. Bind adrenaline/epinephrine to
stimulate breakdown of glycogen.
⩥ Step 1 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
Answer: Epinephrine binds to its specific receptor
⩥ Step 2 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
Answer: Hormone complex causes GDP bound to α-subunit to be
replaced by GTP, activating α-subunit
⩥ Step 3 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
Answer: Activated α-subunit separates from ßɣ-complex and moves to
adenylyl cyclase, activating it.
⩥ Step 4 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
CONNECTIONS SECOND EDITION DEAN
APPLING STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ Hydrolysis of Nucleotides.
Answer: Base hydrolyzes RNA, but not DNA. DNA is stable in base
because of 2' deoxy position.
⩥ Chargaff's Rule.
Answer: Ratio of A:T and G:C are always equal or close to 1
⩥ DNA Double-Helix.
Answer: Opposite strand direction. 3.4Å distance between
complementary bases. 36Å for one complete turn.
⩥ A-form DNA.
Answer: Condensed form of DNA. Deeper major groove and shallower
minor groove.
⩥ B-form DNA.
,Answer: Watson-Crick model DNA. Deep, wide major groove.
⩥ Z-form DNA.
Answer: Left-handed helical form of DNA
⩥ Inverted Repeat in DNA.
Answer: Found in double-strands.
TTAGCAC|GTGCTAA
AATCGTG|CACGATT
Forms a cruciform.
⩥ Mirror Repeat in DNA/RNA.
Answer: Found in single-strands.
TTAGCAC|GTGCTAA
Forms a hairpin
⩥ DNA UV Absorbtion.
Answer: Absorbs UV light at 260nm.
⩥ Restriction Enzyme.
Answer: Cuts DNA at specific restriction sites.
, ⩥ DNA Base-paring.
Answer: G-C base pairs have 3 H-bonds
A-T base pairs have 2 H-bonds
⩥ GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor).
Answer: α-helical integral membrane proteins. Is a αßɣ heterotrimer.
⩥ ß-adrenergic receptor.
Answer: Prototype for all GPCR's. Bind adrenaline/epinephrine to
stimulate breakdown of glycogen.
⩥ Step 1 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
Answer: Epinephrine binds to its specific receptor
⩥ Step 2 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
Answer: Hormone complex causes GDP bound to α-subunit to be
replaced by GTP, activating α-subunit
⩥ Step 3 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
Answer: Activated α-subunit separates from ßɣ-complex and moves to
adenylyl cyclase, activating it.
⩥ Step 4 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
