ANATOMY EXAM zm
Exam Solution zm
Portage Learning A&P I Final Exam 2026 A+ GRADE AS zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
SURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWER
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S (BCA15)
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QUESTION 1 zm
List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
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ANSWER
The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
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QUESTION 2 zm
Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. Explain what happens to the
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epiglottis during swallowing. Why? zm zm zm
ANSWER
During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and prevent aspiration by covering the
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trachea and creating a passage for liquid, food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these t
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hings from entering into the lungs.
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QUESTION 3 zm
Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
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ANSWER
Oropharynx
QUESTION 4 zm
Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- ___________ Label D-
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__________ Label E- __________ Label F- __________ Label G- __________
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ANSWER
,B - Oral Cavity D - Epiglottis E - Glottis F - Trachea G - Esophagus
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QUESTION 5 zm
From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are:
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ANSWER
Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
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QUESTION 6 zm
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) migh
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t develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
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ANSWER
Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which induces excess secretion o
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f hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer cau
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sing disruption that can lead to those ulcers. Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and h
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ydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining.
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QUESTION 7 zm
Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the digestive syst
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em. To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region. 3: ___________
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4: ___________ 7: ___________ 9: ___________ 10: ___________
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ANSWER
3. Stomach 4. Gallbladder 7. Jejunum 9. Appendix 10. Rectum
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QUESTION 8 zm
Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below: 1: ____________ 3:_________
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___ 5:____________ 7: ____________ 8: ____________
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ANSWER
1: Frontal bone/frontal sinuses 3: Maxilla 5: Vomer 7: Maxilla 8: Mandible
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 9 zm
Label the bones in the figure below: A: ____________ B: ____________ C: ____________ D: ___________
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_ E: _____________
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ANSWER
,A. zm Pisiform
B. zm Hamate
C. zm Capitate
D. zm Trapezoid
E. zm Trapezium
QUESTION 10 zm
A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your own words, describe this diagno
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sis and (2) What type of bone cell would they be lacking? Explain your answer.
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ANSWER
(1) The textbook states that osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease where the bone tissue degenerates
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faster than it is replaced making the bones weak, causing increased pain, and more likely to fractur
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e due to them being brittle. (2) Furthermore, there would be a decreased number of osteoblasts, wh
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ich are responsible for bone repair; also, the bone repair would be unable to keep up with the ongo
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ing breakdown of the bone which is responsible in the process that included the osteoblasts that ta
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ke the calcium from the blood.
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QUESTION 11 zm
Label the following five muscles: B: _____________ C: _____________ E: _____________ G: _____________
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J: ______________
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ANSWER
B: Temporalis C: Orbicularis oculi E: Zygomaticus major G: Buccinator J: Depressor labii inferioris
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QUESTION 12 zm
When extensor digitorum contracts, what action(s) occurs?
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A. Elbow extension
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B. Wrist extension
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C. Extension of digit 1
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D. Extension of digits 2-5
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E. A&C F. B&D
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ANSWER
F. B&Dzm
QUESTION 13 zm
Would you expect a male to have estrogen in their bloodstream? Explain why or why
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not.
ANSWER
, Yes, the textbook stated that both the male and female bodies produce "all" the sex hormones; howe
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ver, the ratios are different; also, the adrenal glands are largely responsible for producing this "oppo
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
site" hormone that the gonads of the person does not.
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QUESTION 14 zm
List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I promote the reabsorpti
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on of water at the collecting ducts of the kidneys.
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ANSWER
ADH
QUESTION 15 zm
Explain in detail why the thyroid becomes enlarged during an iodine deficiency?
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ANSWER
When there is a low level of thyroxin in the blood, the anterior pituitary gland continues to produce
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TSH; so, the thyroid reacts by increasing in size and producing a goiter, but this increase in size is
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ineffective because active thyroxin cannot be produced without iodine.
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QUESTION 16 zm
A-
Identify the sensory cell receptor highlighted in blue, below, also indicated by the arr
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ow. B- What sensory information is detected by this type of receptor?
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ANSWER
A) Pacinian corpuscle
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B) Detects pressure (mechanoreceptor)
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QUESTION 17 zm
Match the cell with its single best description, using each description only once. Fibro
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blasts Produces collagen Keratinocytes Produces a protein to protect the skin Langerh
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ans cells Assists in immune responses Melanocytes Produces a pigment that absorbs U
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V rays
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ANSWER
Fibroblasts Produces collagen Keratinocytes Produces a protein to protect the skin Langerhans cells
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Assists in immune responses Melanocytes Produces a pigment that absorbs UV rays Other Incorrect
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Match Options: Detects pain Detects light touch
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Exam Solution zm
Portage Learning A&P I Final Exam 2026 A+ GRADE AS zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
SURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWER
zm zm zm zm zm
S (BCA15)
zm
QUESTION 1 zm
List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
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ANSWER
The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 2 zm
Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. Explain what happens to the
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
epiglottis during swallowing. Why? zm zm zm
ANSWER
During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and prevent aspiration by covering the
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trachea and creating a passage for liquid, food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these t
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hings from entering into the lungs.
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QUESTION 3 zm
Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ANSWER
Oropharynx
QUESTION 4 zm
Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- ___________ Label D-
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__________ Label E- __________ Label F- __________ Label G- __________
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ANSWER
,B - Oral Cavity D - Epiglottis E - Glottis F - Trachea G - Esophagus
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 5 zm
From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are:
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ANSWER
Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 6 zm
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) migh
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
t develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
zm zm zm
ANSWER
Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which induces excess secretion o
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
f hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer cau
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
sing disruption that can lead to those ulcers. Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and h
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 7 zm
Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the digestive syst
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
em. To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region. 3: ___________
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4: ___________ 7: ___________ 9: ___________ 10: ___________
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ANSWER
3. Stomach 4. Gallbladder 7. Jejunum 9. Appendix 10. Rectum
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QUESTION 8 zm
Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below: 1: ____________ 3:_________
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___ 5:____________ 7: ____________ 8: ____________
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ANSWER
1: Frontal bone/frontal sinuses 3: Maxilla 5: Vomer 7: Maxilla 8: Mandible
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 9 zm
Label the bones in the figure below: A: ____________ B: ____________ C: ____________ D: ___________
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_ E: _____________
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ANSWER
,A. zm Pisiform
B. zm Hamate
C. zm Capitate
D. zm Trapezoid
E. zm Trapezium
QUESTION 10 zm
A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your own words, describe this diagno
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
sis and (2) What type of bone cell would they be lacking? Explain your answer.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ANSWER
(1) The textbook states that osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease where the bone tissue degenerates
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
faster than it is replaced making the bones weak, causing increased pain, and more likely to fractur
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
e due to them being brittle. (2) Furthermore, there would be a decreased number of osteoblasts, wh
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ich are responsible for bone repair; also, the bone repair would be unable to keep up with the ongo
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ing breakdown of the bone which is responsible in the process that included the osteoblasts that ta
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ke the calcium from the blood.
zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 11 zm
Label the following five muscles: B: _____________ C: _____________ E: _____________ G: _____________
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
J: ______________
zm zm
ANSWER
B: Temporalis C: Orbicularis oculi E: Zygomaticus major G: Buccinator J: Depressor labii inferioris
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 12 zm
When extensor digitorum contracts, what action(s) occurs?
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A. Elbow extension
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B. Wrist extension
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C. Extension of digit 1
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D. Extension of digits 2-5
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E. A&C F. B&D
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ANSWER
F. B&Dzm
QUESTION 13 zm
Would you expect a male to have estrogen in their bloodstream? Explain why or why
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
not.
ANSWER
, Yes, the textbook stated that both the male and female bodies produce "all" the sex hormones; howe
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ver, the ratios are different; also, the adrenal glands are largely responsible for producing this "oppo
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
site" hormone that the gonads of the person does not.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 14 zm
List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I promote the reabsorpti
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
on of water at the collecting ducts of the kidneys.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ANSWER
ADH
QUESTION 15 zm
Explain in detail why the thyroid becomes enlarged during an iodine deficiency?
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ANSWER
When there is a low level of thyroxin in the blood, the anterior pituitary gland continues to produce
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
TSH; so, the thyroid reacts by increasing in size and producing a goiter, but this increase in size is
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ineffective because active thyroxin cannot be produced without iodine.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 16 zm
A-
Identify the sensory cell receptor highlighted in blue, below, also indicated by the arr
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ow. B- What sensory information is detected by this type of receptor?
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ANSWER
A) Pacinian corpuscle
zm zm
B) Detects pressure (mechanoreceptor)
zm zm zm
QUESTION 17 zm
Match the cell with its single best description, using each description only once. Fibro
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
blasts Produces collagen Keratinocytes Produces a protein to protect the skin Langerh
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ans cells Assists in immune responses Melanocytes Produces a pigment that absorbs U
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
V rays
zm
ANSWER
Fibroblasts Produces collagen Keratinocytes Produces a protein to protect the skin Langerhans cells
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
Assists in immune responses Melanocytes Produces a pigment that absorbs UV rays Other Incorrect
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
Match Options: Detects pain Detects light touch
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