PHLEBOTOMY LATEST 2026 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Glucose Panel (test type) - ✔✔to check for diabetes, which is indicated by elevated
levels of glucose
✔✔Electrolyte Panel (test type) - ✔✔to evaluate levels ion in the blood, which indicate
various conditions
✔✔Liver Function Panel (test type) - ✔✔to asses liver health/function
✔✔Renal function panel (test type) - ✔✔to asses kidney health/function
✔✔Coronary Risk Panel (test type) - ✔✔to asses risk of heart disease
✔✔Myocardial infarction screen (test type) - ✔✔to asses occurrence and timing of heart
attack that has already happened
✔✔Lipid Panel (test type) - ✔✔to asses risk of cardiac event or stroke
✔✔Gauge size - ✔✔20 to 21 gauge needles are used when collecting routine blood
samples from adult patients
✔✔Anticoagulants - ✔✔prevent clotting
✔✔What is EDTA's function? - ✔✔preserves blood cell integrity, prevents platelet
clumping, but interferes with coagulation studies
✔✔What is sodium citrate's function? - ✔✔used for coagulation studies
✔✔What is SPS function? - ✔✔used for blood culture because it inhibits certain immune
system components that could destroy blood-borne bacteria
✔✔What is Heparin's function? - ✔✔preferred for plasma chemistry and blood gas
determination
✔✔What is potassium oxalate's function? - ✔✔used for glucose determination; may be
combined with sodium fluoride
✔✔What is the most important step before draw? - ✔✔pt. identification
✔✔What do you check for on an inpatient? - ✔✔first, last, dob, and check for there
bracelet
, ✔✔What is a certification? - ✔✔passing an exam
✔✔What is an accreditation? - ✔✔meeting standards
✔✔What are the main antiseptic we use? - ✔✔Isopropyl alcohol 70% a.k.a rubbing
alcohol
iodine
chlorhexidine gluconate
soap and water (if allergic to all 3)
✔✔What steps do you take on an accidental self stick? - ✔✔first push the bld out,
second flush the site for at least 15 min. minimum, last wash with soap and water or
antiseptic. if face and body contaminated wash for 15 min.
✔✔When should a sharps container be emptied? - ✔✔when 3/4 of it is full
✔✔What is a fomite? - ✔✔contaminated object
✔✔What do you do if bld. is spilled? - ✔✔1:10 of bleach for 20-30 minutes
✔✔Chain of infection - ✔✔contact #1, droplet, and airborne
✔✔How is Hep a,b,c,d transferable? - ✔✔hep A- contaminated by food
hep B,C,D- thru bld.
✔✔PPE - ✔✔personal protective equipment
✔✔What is an infection? - ✔✔invasion or growth of a microorganism
✔✔Susceptible host - ✔✔someone who easily gets sick
✔✔Isolation - ✔✔separation of infectious source from susceptible host. also read chart
to find out what type of isolation the pt. is on
✔✔Reservoir - ✔✔someone who sick but don't show symptoms and can get everyone
else sick
✔✔Nosocomial infection - ✔✔infection acquired in the hospital
✔✔What is the most common nosocomial infection? - ✔✔UTI (urinary tract infection)
✔✔What are the three main bld. vessels? - ✔✔arteries, veins, and capillaries
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Glucose Panel (test type) - ✔✔to check for diabetes, which is indicated by elevated
levels of glucose
✔✔Electrolyte Panel (test type) - ✔✔to evaluate levels ion in the blood, which indicate
various conditions
✔✔Liver Function Panel (test type) - ✔✔to asses liver health/function
✔✔Renal function panel (test type) - ✔✔to asses kidney health/function
✔✔Coronary Risk Panel (test type) - ✔✔to asses risk of heart disease
✔✔Myocardial infarction screen (test type) - ✔✔to asses occurrence and timing of heart
attack that has already happened
✔✔Lipid Panel (test type) - ✔✔to asses risk of cardiac event or stroke
✔✔Gauge size - ✔✔20 to 21 gauge needles are used when collecting routine blood
samples from adult patients
✔✔Anticoagulants - ✔✔prevent clotting
✔✔What is EDTA's function? - ✔✔preserves blood cell integrity, prevents platelet
clumping, but interferes with coagulation studies
✔✔What is sodium citrate's function? - ✔✔used for coagulation studies
✔✔What is SPS function? - ✔✔used for blood culture because it inhibits certain immune
system components that could destroy blood-borne bacteria
✔✔What is Heparin's function? - ✔✔preferred for plasma chemistry and blood gas
determination
✔✔What is potassium oxalate's function? - ✔✔used for glucose determination; may be
combined with sodium fluoride
✔✔What is the most important step before draw? - ✔✔pt. identification
✔✔What do you check for on an inpatient? - ✔✔first, last, dob, and check for there
bracelet
, ✔✔What is a certification? - ✔✔passing an exam
✔✔What is an accreditation? - ✔✔meeting standards
✔✔What are the main antiseptic we use? - ✔✔Isopropyl alcohol 70% a.k.a rubbing
alcohol
iodine
chlorhexidine gluconate
soap and water (if allergic to all 3)
✔✔What steps do you take on an accidental self stick? - ✔✔first push the bld out,
second flush the site for at least 15 min. minimum, last wash with soap and water or
antiseptic. if face and body contaminated wash for 15 min.
✔✔When should a sharps container be emptied? - ✔✔when 3/4 of it is full
✔✔What is a fomite? - ✔✔contaminated object
✔✔What do you do if bld. is spilled? - ✔✔1:10 of bleach for 20-30 minutes
✔✔Chain of infection - ✔✔contact #1, droplet, and airborne
✔✔How is Hep a,b,c,d transferable? - ✔✔hep A- contaminated by food
hep B,C,D- thru bld.
✔✔PPE - ✔✔personal protective equipment
✔✔What is an infection? - ✔✔invasion or growth of a microorganism
✔✔Susceptible host - ✔✔someone who easily gets sick
✔✔Isolation - ✔✔separation of infectious source from susceptible host. also read chart
to find out what type of isolation the pt. is on
✔✔Reservoir - ✔✔someone who sick but don't show symptoms and can get everyone
else sick
✔✔Nosocomial infection - ✔✔infection acquired in the hospital
✔✔What is the most common nosocomial infection? - ✔✔UTI (urinary tract infection)
✔✔What are the three main bld. vessels? - ✔✔arteries, veins, and capillaries
