AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔How can a pulse be measured by palpation? - ✔✔Involves examination by touching
with fingers or hands
✔✔How can pulse be measured by auscultation? - ✔✔Involves examination by listening
to the sounds of the body
✔✔What can increase the pulse rate? - ✔✔Exercise, stimulant drugs, excitement, fever,
shock, and nervous tension
✔✔What can decrease the pulse rate? - ✔✔sleep, depressant drugs, heart disease,
coma, physical training
✔✔What is bradycardia? - ✔✔Low pulse uder 60 bpm
✔✔What is tachycardia? - ✔✔High pulse over 100 bpm (in adults)
✔✔What is apical pulse? - ✔✔Pateint's heartbeat over the apex of the heart
✔✔What is pulse deficit? - ✔✔Difference between the apical and radial pulse
✔✔What are some ways of counting pulses? - ✔✔Using the tips of your fingers, 1 full
minute or 30 seconds x2 or 15 seconds x4
✔✔Where do you place the fingers to take a radial pulse? - ✔✔On the thumb side of the
wrist
✔✔What information should be recorded in the pateint's chart? - ✔✔Date, time, pulse
data (ex. P 75 strong and regular), your signature and title
✔✔What instrument is used to listen to the apical pulse? - ✔✔Stethoscope
✔✔How long are apical heartbeats counted for? - ✔✔One full minute
✔✔What information is recorded in the patient's chart? (Apical) - ✔✔Date, time, pulse
data (ex. AP 75 strong and regular), your signature and title
✔✔What is the average respiration for adults? - ✔✔Between 12 and 20 breaths per
minute
✔✔How is respiration defined? - ✔✔The process of taking in oxygen and expelling
carbon dioxide
, ✔✔What is respiration rate? - ✔✔number of breaths per minute
✔✔What's the normal respiration range for children? - ✔✔16-27 breaths per minute
✔✔What's the normal respiration range for infants? - ✔✔30-50 breaths per minute
✔✔Dyspnea - ✔✔difficult or labored breathing
✔✔Apnea - ✔✔Temporary absence of respirations
✔✔Tachypnea - ✔✔Respiration above 25 breaths per minute
✔✔Bradypnea - ✔✔Respiration below 10 breaths per minute
✔✔Orthopnea - ✔✔Respiration that is easily possible only when sitting or standing
straight
✔✔Cheyne-stokes - ✔✔Breathing pattern that consists of short, shallow breaths
followed by deeper, more frequent breaths followed by apnea fr 10-20 seconds and
usually indicates that a person is near death
✔✔Rales - ✔✔Respiration that is noisy and can indicate pneumonia or bronchitis
✔✔Wheezing - ✔✔Respiration with a high-pitched whistle or sigh during exhalation and
difficulty breathing
✔✔Cyanosis - ✔✔When skin, nail beds, or lips turn bluish in color as a result of a
shortage of oxygen in the blood
✔✔Why should a patient not be told that their respiration is being assessed? - ✔✔It
may cause them to alter their breathing patterns, making it inaccurate
✔✔What are pulmonary function tests? - ✔✔Tests that measure how well the lungs are
functioning and breathing
✔✔Name and explain two pulomonary tests - ✔✔Spirometry- used to measure airflow
Plethysmography- measures the compliance of the lungs by determining the air
capacity
✔✔How do you write out a respiration reading? - ✔✔(Example) R 18 deep and regular
✔✔How is blood pressure defined? - ✔✔Measures the force, or pressure, of the blood
against the artery walls when the heart contracts and relaxes.