ICLA FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ consonant digraph.
Answer: a combination of two consonant letters representing a single speed
sound as gn for /n/, gh for /f/, /ch/, ph for /f/, etc... can be final or initial
◍ decode.
Answer: to analyze spoken or graphic symbols of a language to ascertain
their intended meaning
◍ diphthong.
Answer: vowel sound produced when the tongue glides from one vowel to
another, produces one sound; boy, round, oil
◍ emergent literacy.
Answer: the association of print with meaning that begins early in a child's
life and continues until the child reaches the stage of conventional reading
and writing
◍ encoding.
Answer: to put a message into symbols, spoken into written (writing)
◍ explicit instruction.
Answer: instruction that is fully and clearly expressed, nothing implied,
teacher directed and often scripted
◍ fluency.
Answer: the clear, easy, written or spoken expression of ideas, little or no
effort in decoding
◍ grapheme.
, Answer: a written representation of a phoneme, may be a single letter or
group of letters
◍ high frequency word.
Answer: a word that appears very often in spoken or written language, word
lists
◍ implicit instruction.
Answer: instruction that guides the student in making generalizations
◍ morpheme.
Answer: the smallest part of a word that conveys meaning as in book or
books or bookish
◍ morphology/structural analysis.
Answer: the study of structure and forms of words, including derivation,
inflection and compounding
◍ onset.
Answer: everything before the first vowel in the syllable as the scr in scream
◍ open syllable.
Answer: a syllable ending in a long vowel sound, he, be, become, most often
CV
◍ orthography.
Answer: the study of the use of symbols in a writing system, a writing
system in any language
◍ phoneme.
Answer: a sound unit of speech, changing one phoneme will change the
meaning of the word; Elkonin boxes; how many phonemes in the word
rough, saddle, loading, couth
◍ phonemic awareness.
Answer: an awareness of the individual sounds that make up spoken words
◍ phonics.
Answer: stressing symbol-sound relationships when teaching reading or
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ consonant digraph.
Answer: a combination of two consonant letters representing a single speed
sound as gn for /n/, gh for /f/, /ch/, ph for /f/, etc... can be final or initial
◍ decode.
Answer: to analyze spoken or graphic symbols of a language to ascertain
their intended meaning
◍ diphthong.
Answer: vowel sound produced when the tongue glides from one vowel to
another, produces one sound; boy, round, oil
◍ emergent literacy.
Answer: the association of print with meaning that begins early in a child's
life and continues until the child reaches the stage of conventional reading
and writing
◍ encoding.
Answer: to put a message into symbols, spoken into written (writing)
◍ explicit instruction.
Answer: instruction that is fully and clearly expressed, nothing implied,
teacher directed and often scripted
◍ fluency.
Answer: the clear, easy, written or spoken expression of ideas, little or no
effort in decoding
◍ grapheme.
, Answer: a written representation of a phoneme, may be a single letter or
group of letters
◍ high frequency word.
Answer: a word that appears very often in spoken or written language, word
lists
◍ implicit instruction.
Answer: instruction that guides the student in making generalizations
◍ morpheme.
Answer: the smallest part of a word that conveys meaning as in book or
books or bookish
◍ morphology/structural analysis.
Answer: the study of structure and forms of words, including derivation,
inflection and compounding
◍ onset.
Answer: everything before the first vowel in the syllable as the scr in scream
◍ open syllable.
Answer: a syllable ending in a long vowel sound, he, be, become, most often
CV
◍ orthography.
Answer: the study of the use of symbols in a writing system, a writing
system in any language
◍ phoneme.
Answer: a sound unit of speech, changing one phoneme will change the
meaning of the word; Elkonin boxes; how many phonemes in the word
rough, saddle, loading, couth
◍ phonemic awareness.
Answer: an awareness of the individual sounds that make up spoken words
◍ phonics.
Answer: stressing symbol-sound relationships when teaching reading or
