CBIS LATEST 2026 TEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) - ✔✔15%
persistent mild cerebral dysfunction
✔✔3 categories of post-concussive symptoms - ✔✔physical/somatic, cognitive,
behavioral/emotional
✔✔a rapid progressive headache immediately following a head injury ... - ✔✔may be
indicative of more significant injury process
✔✔acute manifestations of TBI (4) - ✔✔Frontal release-disinhibition and lability
Faitgue
Changes in vision
Headaches
✔✔Frequent medical complications-Cardiopulmonary: mia + % occurence, what caused
by, symptoms (7), what is critical to maintain - ✔✔dysautonomia-15-33% occurrence in
severe TBI patients.
"storming"
Caused by an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system(medulla oblongata and
brainstem), which regulates RR and HR.
Symptoms include dystonia, agitation, tachycardia, sweating, hyperthermia,
hypertension, tachypnea.
Maintaining BP is critical after brain injury to ensure proper cerebral blood flow.
✔✔Frequent medical complications: vascular: medical complication that occurs in what
% due to - ✔✔Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in as many as 54% of persons with
TBI due to immobility and/or paralysis.
✔✔Musculoskeletal complications of TBI: 4 ortho, 1 other, what is common -
✔✔Fractures, dislocations, and spinal and peripheral nerve injuries.
Neurologically based-changes in reflexes, sensory integration, range of motion, muscle
tone, strength, endurance, postural control and alignment, dystonia, and soft tissue
integrity.
Common: Spasticity, hyperreflexia, contractures.
✔✔Complications-bowel and bladder: common disease can be related to 2 things, %
occurence - ✔✔UTIs, urinary or fecal incontinence, bladder-filling issues, inability to
empty the bladder, increased urgency and frequency of urination, constipation.
Can be caused by neurological changes and/or dietary changes.
UTIs occur in up to 60% of the BI population within the first 6 weeks.
, ✔✔Complications of the GI system: 2 brain structures, what is also impacted -
✔✔Involves regulation from the hypothalamus and parasympathetic nervous system.
Feeding is also impacted by arousal level, dysphagia, reflux, and medications.
*In the acute phase following a head injury, a person will require 40% more calories
than before the injury.
✔✔Complications of the Metabolic and Endocrine systems: impacts 2 things, 2 common
issures - ✔✔BI impacts metabolism and hormone production.
Two common issues: metabolic syndrome and hypopituitarism.
Growth hormone function can also occur.
Acute phase of TBI recovery-diabetes can occur from too little vasopressin which
causes increased urine production.
✔✔Metabolic syndrome: 4 - ✔✔central obesity, insulin resistance, high BP, and
dyslipidemia.
✔✔Complications of the Reproductive System: changes in 4, can lead to alterations in 2
- ✔✔Changes in libido, arousal, , all phases of sexual response, and sexual
performance.
Hormone changes after a BI can lead to alterations in menstrual cycles & testosterone
levels.
✔✔Integumentary system: what is common and what are they caused by - ✔✔Pressure
sores-result from prolonged pressure on any area (blood flow in in the tissue is
occluded) due to positioning and increased spasticity and medical instability due to
catabolic changes resulting from severe injury/trauma.
✔✔Prevention of pressure sores - ✔✔*Prevention-skin dry & clean, changing position
every 2 hours, using pressure -relieving mattresses, specialty cushions, & tilt-in-space
wheelchairs.
✔✔Sleep disturbances: occurs in what percent individuals, what is one of most common
disorders - ✔✔Occur in 30-70% of indiv. with TBI. Insomnia is one of the most common
sleep disorders after a BI.
✔✔Neurological Complications: common disorder, what % occurrence, acronym occur
in how many days following injury - ✔✔Seizures-4-53% occurrence.
Early post-traumatic seizures (EPTS) occur within 7 days following the injury; 50%
within the first 24 hours of impact. Strong risk factor of late post-traumatic seizures.
Associated with higher mortality rate (27%).
✔✔Pain: 2 pathways, 1st related to what fibers, 2nd associated with - ✔✔Most common
pathways=nociceptive: pain related to the peripheral nerve fibers, and neuropathic:
associated with the primary lesion of dysfunction of the nervous system.
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) - ✔✔15%
persistent mild cerebral dysfunction
✔✔3 categories of post-concussive symptoms - ✔✔physical/somatic, cognitive,
behavioral/emotional
✔✔a rapid progressive headache immediately following a head injury ... - ✔✔may be
indicative of more significant injury process
✔✔acute manifestations of TBI (4) - ✔✔Frontal release-disinhibition and lability
Faitgue
Changes in vision
Headaches
✔✔Frequent medical complications-Cardiopulmonary: mia + % occurence, what caused
by, symptoms (7), what is critical to maintain - ✔✔dysautonomia-15-33% occurrence in
severe TBI patients.
"storming"
Caused by an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system(medulla oblongata and
brainstem), which regulates RR and HR.
Symptoms include dystonia, agitation, tachycardia, sweating, hyperthermia,
hypertension, tachypnea.
Maintaining BP is critical after brain injury to ensure proper cerebral blood flow.
✔✔Frequent medical complications: vascular: medical complication that occurs in what
% due to - ✔✔Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs in as many as 54% of persons with
TBI due to immobility and/or paralysis.
✔✔Musculoskeletal complications of TBI: 4 ortho, 1 other, what is common -
✔✔Fractures, dislocations, and spinal and peripheral nerve injuries.
Neurologically based-changes in reflexes, sensory integration, range of motion, muscle
tone, strength, endurance, postural control and alignment, dystonia, and soft tissue
integrity.
Common: Spasticity, hyperreflexia, contractures.
✔✔Complications-bowel and bladder: common disease can be related to 2 things, %
occurence - ✔✔UTIs, urinary or fecal incontinence, bladder-filling issues, inability to
empty the bladder, increased urgency and frequency of urination, constipation.
Can be caused by neurological changes and/or dietary changes.
UTIs occur in up to 60% of the BI population within the first 6 weeks.
, ✔✔Complications of the GI system: 2 brain structures, what is also impacted -
✔✔Involves regulation from the hypothalamus and parasympathetic nervous system.
Feeding is also impacted by arousal level, dysphagia, reflux, and medications.
*In the acute phase following a head injury, a person will require 40% more calories
than before the injury.
✔✔Complications of the Metabolic and Endocrine systems: impacts 2 things, 2 common
issures - ✔✔BI impacts metabolism and hormone production.
Two common issues: metabolic syndrome and hypopituitarism.
Growth hormone function can also occur.
Acute phase of TBI recovery-diabetes can occur from too little vasopressin which
causes increased urine production.
✔✔Metabolic syndrome: 4 - ✔✔central obesity, insulin resistance, high BP, and
dyslipidemia.
✔✔Complications of the Reproductive System: changes in 4, can lead to alterations in 2
- ✔✔Changes in libido, arousal, , all phases of sexual response, and sexual
performance.
Hormone changes after a BI can lead to alterations in menstrual cycles & testosterone
levels.
✔✔Integumentary system: what is common and what are they caused by - ✔✔Pressure
sores-result from prolonged pressure on any area (blood flow in in the tissue is
occluded) due to positioning and increased spasticity and medical instability due to
catabolic changes resulting from severe injury/trauma.
✔✔Prevention of pressure sores - ✔✔*Prevention-skin dry & clean, changing position
every 2 hours, using pressure -relieving mattresses, specialty cushions, & tilt-in-space
wheelchairs.
✔✔Sleep disturbances: occurs in what percent individuals, what is one of most common
disorders - ✔✔Occur in 30-70% of indiv. with TBI. Insomnia is one of the most common
sleep disorders after a BI.
✔✔Neurological Complications: common disorder, what % occurrence, acronym occur
in how many days following injury - ✔✔Seizures-4-53% occurrence.
Early post-traumatic seizures (EPTS) occur within 7 days following the injury; 50%
within the first 24 hours of impact. Strong risk factor of late post-traumatic seizures.
Associated with higher mortality rate (27%).
✔✔Pain: 2 pathways, 1st related to what fibers, 2nd associated with - ✔✔Most common
pathways=nociceptive: pain related to the peripheral nerve fibers, and neuropathic:
associated with the primary lesion of dysfunction of the nervous system.
