CBIS LATEST 2026 END OF COURSE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔pons: what controls (4), what is, enables, damage to results in - ✔✔facial
movements, facial sensation, hearing, coordinating eye movements
bridge of nerve fibers connecting the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
enables thinking brain to work with the movement brain
paresis and paralysis
✔✔midbrain: responsible for (2), elementary forms of (2), damage to results in -
✔✔alertness and arousal
elementary forms of seeing and hearing
when thinking part of brain is unresponsive, but person lives in coma or vegetative state
✔✔diencephalon: contains (2), center to, 2 functions of 2 parts - ✔✔thalamus,
hypothalamus
master relay center for forwarding info
thal: relay station for sensory info
hypo: control center for hunger, thirst, sexual response, etc
✔✔limbic system: contains (3), responsible for, damage results in - ✔✔hippocampus,
amygdala, basal ganglia
emotions and basic feelings
emotions become uncontrollable
✔✔hippocampus - ✔✔memory functioning
✔✔amygdala (2) - ✔✔emotional memories and reactions
fight or flight
✔✔basal ganglia (2) - ✔✔to be alert for when something is not working as it should
affects voluntary motor nerves
✔✔cerbellum - ✔✔controls movemet
✔✔lobes of the brain - ✔✔frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
✔✔*frontal cortex: 2 parts, +1 - ✔✔primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
frontal poles--interconnections with limbic system
,✔✔*prefrontal cortex: carries out, expressions of, in children - ✔✔carries out executive
functions
expressions of personality
in children, not always as apparrent since tends to provide function later in development
✔✔*parietal lobe: 1 part, 3 functions - ✔✔primary sensory cortex
consciously register physical sensations
sense of body awareness
awareness and attention affected
✔✔*occipital lobes: 2 part, function - ✔✔primary visual center, visual cortex
disruptions in what we see
✔✔*temporal lobes: what for, 3 parts - ✔✔language and hearing
broca's area: speech production
wernickes area: speech comprehension
auditory cortex: info from 8th CN for hearing processing
✔✔spinal column: how many vertebrae, joined with, 4 parts - ✔✔33 vertebrae, joined
with discs and ligaments
cervical C1-7
thoracic: T1-12
lumbar: L1-5
coccygeal region
✔✔*SCI injury only versus SCI + TBI incidence - ✔✔SCI only: 40%
both: 60%
✔✔*spinal cord syndromes: 4 - ✔✔central cord
brown-sequard
anterior cord
poterior cord
✔✔*central cord syndrome - ✔✔able to walk, arm strength more impacted. Poor ability
to grasp things and self-care
✔✔*brown-sequard syndrome - ✔✔one side of spine injured, preseving other side
(ipsilateral paralysis)
✔✔*anterior cord syndrome - ✔✔loss of muscle control, pain and temperature sensation
no loss of proprioception and touch sensation
✔✔*posterior cord syndrome - ✔✔necrosis of posterior spinal cord, posses strength but
not sense of limbs and body in space
, ✔✔coup - ✔✔initial injury
✔✔contrecoup - ✔✔secondary injury
✔✔*neuroprotection: research is available for, what needs to be examined, current trials
(3) - ✔✔only available for stroke, not TBI
Would reduced neuronal loss and speed recovery
current trial" magnesium, progesterone, nicotinimide
✔✔Mg, Progesterone, nicotinimide* - ✔✔mg-increase mg2
pro-decrease cerebral edema
nic-reduce injury volume
✔✔neuroplasticity - ✔✔ability of nervous system to change itself, form new connections,
create new neurons
experience dependent learning
✔✔synaptongenesis - ✔✔greater # of synapses=greater speed and efficiency
increase dendritic density
✔✔excitotoxicity - ✔✔neuron cannot maintain it's resting potential, results in repeated
firing, then cell dealth
✔✔factors leading to neurodegeneration after TBI (3) - ✔✔excitotoxicity
swelling in cells resulting in interstitial osmolarity
apoptosis-programmed cell death
✔✔*2 main areas of brain that are sites for neurogenesis - ✔✔subventricular zone
(SVZ) and dentate gyrus of hippocampus
✔✔*rehabilitation models: TBI v stroke - ✔✔Studies for neuroplasticy in TBI are more
focused on the hippocampus compared to the cortex in stoke research
✔✔mild TBI represents what percentage of TBI - ✔✔75%, 1.1 million (but thought
higher for those that don't get medical care)
✔✔To be diagnosed as mTBI must have: how many of the following 4 - ✔✔1 of the
following:
-any period of loss of consciousness (up to 30 min)
-any loss of memory of right before/after the incident
-alteration of mental state (feeling dazed/confused)
-focal neuro deficit (no exceeding loss of consciousness, GCS score 13-15, post-
traumatic amnesia)
-no seen on neuroimaging, diffuse axonal searing
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔pons: what controls (4), what is, enables, damage to results in - ✔✔facial
movements, facial sensation, hearing, coordinating eye movements
bridge of nerve fibers connecting the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
enables thinking brain to work with the movement brain
paresis and paralysis
✔✔midbrain: responsible for (2), elementary forms of (2), damage to results in -
✔✔alertness and arousal
elementary forms of seeing and hearing
when thinking part of brain is unresponsive, but person lives in coma or vegetative state
✔✔diencephalon: contains (2), center to, 2 functions of 2 parts - ✔✔thalamus,
hypothalamus
master relay center for forwarding info
thal: relay station for sensory info
hypo: control center for hunger, thirst, sexual response, etc
✔✔limbic system: contains (3), responsible for, damage results in - ✔✔hippocampus,
amygdala, basal ganglia
emotions and basic feelings
emotions become uncontrollable
✔✔hippocampus - ✔✔memory functioning
✔✔amygdala (2) - ✔✔emotional memories and reactions
fight or flight
✔✔basal ganglia (2) - ✔✔to be alert for when something is not working as it should
affects voluntary motor nerves
✔✔cerbellum - ✔✔controls movemet
✔✔lobes of the brain - ✔✔frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
✔✔*frontal cortex: 2 parts, +1 - ✔✔primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
frontal poles--interconnections with limbic system
,✔✔*prefrontal cortex: carries out, expressions of, in children - ✔✔carries out executive
functions
expressions of personality
in children, not always as apparrent since tends to provide function later in development
✔✔*parietal lobe: 1 part, 3 functions - ✔✔primary sensory cortex
consciously register physical sensations
sense of body awareness
awareness and attention affected
✔✔*occipital lobes: 2 part, function - ✔✔primary visual center, visual cortex
disruptions in what we see
✔✔*temporal lobes: what for, 3 parts - ✔✔language and hearing
broca's area: speech production
wernickes area: speech comprehension
auditory cortex: info from 8th CN for hearing processing
✔✔spinal column: how many vertebrae, joined with, 4 parts - ✔✔33 vertebrae, joined
with discs and ligaments
cervical C1-7
thoracic: T1-12
lumbar: L1-5
coccygeal region
✔✔*SCI injury only versus SCI + TBI incidence - ✔✔SCI only: 40%
both: 60%
✔✔*spinal cord syndromes: 4 - ✔✔central cord
brown-sequard
anterior cord
poterior cord
✔✔*central cord syndrome - ✔✔able to walk, arm strength more impacted. Poor ability
to grasp things and self-care
✔✔*brown-sequard syndrome - ✔✔one side of spine injured, preseving other side
(ipsilateral paralysis)
✔✔*anterior cord syndrome - ✔✔loss of muscle control, pain and temperature sensation
no loss of proprioception and touch sensation
✔✔*posterior cord syndrome - ✔✔necrosis of posterior spinal cord, posses strength but
not sense of limbs and body in space
, ✔✔coup - ✔✔initial injury
✔✔contrecoup - ✔✔secondary injury
✔✔*neuroprotection: research is available for, what needs to be examined, current trials
(3) - ✔✔only available for stroke, not TBI
Would reduced neuronal loss and speed recovery
current trial" magnesium, progesterone, nicotinimide
✔✔Mg, Progesterone, nicotinimide* - ✔✔mg-increase mg2
pro-decrease cerebral edema
nic-reduce injury volume
✔✔neuroplasticity - ✔✔ability of nervous system to change itself, form new connections,
create new neurons
experience dependent learning
✔✔synaptongenesis - ✔✔greater # of synapses=greater speed and efficiency
increase dendritic density
✔✔excitotoxicity - ✔✔neuron cannot maintain it's resting potential, results in repeated
firing, then cell dealth
✔✔factors leading to neurodegeneration after TBI (3) - ✔✔excitotoxicity
swelling in cells resulting in interstitial osmolarity
apoptosis-programmed cell death
✔✔*2 main areas of brain that are sites for neurogenesis - ✔✔subventricular zone
(SVZ) and dentate gyrus of hippocampus
✔✔*rehabilitation models: TBI v stroke - ✔✔Studies for neuroplasticy in TBI are more
focused on the hippocampus compared to the cortex in stoke research
✔✔mild TBI represents what percentage of TBI - ✔✔75%, 1.1 million (but thought
higher for those that don't get medical care)
✔✔To be diagnosed as mTBI must have: how many of the following 4 - ✔✔1 of the
following:
-any period of loss of consciousness (up to 30 min)
-any loss of memory of right before/after the incident
-alteration of mental state (feeling dazed/confused)
-focal neuro deficit (no exceeding loss of consciousness, GCS score 13-15, post-
traumatic amnesia)
-no seen on neuroimaging, diffuse axonal searing
