EMS1055 LATEST 2026 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Know what the Golden Hour means and how it applies to trauma patients. - ✔✔the
60 minute time period after a severe injury and initiation of surgery for the injured
trauma patient. Starts when injury happens, ends in surgery.
✔✔The Golden Hour begins at the moment a patient is injured. When does it end? -
✔✔When the patient gets to surgery
✔✔Know the phases of a blast injury and what injuries occur - ✔✔primary- air blast that
happens... hollow organs are in most danger
secondary - penetrating or blunt trauma
tertiary -same injuries as someone being ejected
quaternary -thermal burns, heat, fire
quinary - chemical, biological, radiological
✔✔Know how to assess a trauma patient according to ITLS Trauma Assessment -
✔✔XABC-
X- eXsanguinating hemorrhage
A- airway
B-Breathing
C-Circulation
Obtain baseline vital signs
If altered mental status:
Brief neurological exam¡Pupils, GCS, and signs of cerebral herniation
Look for medical alert tags
Consider other causes
✔✔Know the names of patient positioning - ✔✔recovery
supine
prone
fowlers
trendelenburg
✔✔recovery position - ✔✔used in breathing patient
protects the airway and prevents aspirations
does NOT protect c-spine
✔✔supine - ✔✔lying on the back
✔✔prone - ✔✔lying face down
used in neonates and ICU
, ✔✔Fowlers - ✔✔30 degrees used for head bleeds/CVA
ultimate airway position
used with CHF COPD< and other respiratory emergencies
✔✔Trendelenburg - ✔✔position on back feet elevated higher than head
shock and hypotension
10-15 degree leg lift.
✔✔Know how to assess for a GCS - ✔✔use the scale given on exam to determine the
patient's score. 15 is highest, 3 is low. 3 either means dead or completely unresponsive.
anything below 8 is in a coma.
eyes, verbal, motor
✔✔Know the lung sounds taught in lecture and what they mean. - ✔✔Stridor: strained,
high pitched sound heard on inspirations. caused by upper airway obstruction in
pharynx or larynx
in: above vocal cords
out: below vocal cords
corse rales: fluid in lungs, crackly (like someone sucking up pop)
fine rales: same as corse, but more low pitched and crackly
wheezes: continuous high pitched whistling sound. bronchioles restricts. asthma,
COPD, anaphylaxis.
rhonchi: in the bronchi, rattling noise, mucous in lungs, and upper airway
✔✔Know the reasons to stop a primary survey in trauma - ✔✔1. cardiac arrest
2. airway obstruction
3. life-threatening bleed (arterial) hemorrhage
4. scene is no longer safe
✔✔Know the components of the primary and secondary survey in trauma patients - ✔✔-
Scene size-up( number of patients, need for other resources, MOI, PPE?)
- Initial assessment (general impression, hemorrhage?, LOC, chief complaint, CABC's)
- Rapid trauma survey vs. focused exam
MOI: unknown or generalized: rapid trauma
MOI: localized: focused
secondary: a head-to-toe physical assessment; an additional assessment of a patient to
determine the existence of any injuries other than those found in the primary survey
any obvious injuries to head/neck, chest..... breathing sounds?
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Know what the Golden Hour means and how it applies to trauma patients. - ✔✔the
60 minute time period after a severe injury and initiation of surgery for the injured
trauma patient. Starts when injury happens, ends in surgery.
✔✔The Golden Hour begins at the moment a patient is injured. When does it end? -
✔✔When the patient gets to surgery
✔✔Know the phases of a blast injury and what injuries occur - ✔✔primary- air blast that
happens... hollow organs are in most danger
secondary - penetrating or blunt trauma
tertiary -same injuries as someone being ejected
quaternary -thermal burns, heat, fire
quinary - chemical, biological, radiological
✔✔Know how to assess a trauma patient according to ITLS Trauma Assessment -
✔✔XABC-
X- eXsanguinating hemorrhage
A- airway
B-Breathing
C-Circulation
Obtain baseline vital signs
If altered mental status:
Brief neurological exam¡Pupils, GCS, and signs of cerebral herniation
Look for medical alert tags
Consider other causes
✔✔Know the names of patient positioning - ✔✔recovery
supine
prone
fowlers
trendelenburg
✔✔recovery position - ✔✔used in breathing patient
protects the airway and prevents aspirations
does NOT protect c-spine
✔✔supine - ✔✔lying on the back
✔✔prone - ✔✔lying face down
used in neonates and ICU
, ✔✔Fowlers - ✔✔30 degrees used for head bleeds/CVA
ultimate airway position
used with CHF COPD< and other respiratory emergencies
✔✔Trendelenburg - ✔✔position on back feet elevated higher than head
shock and hypotension
10-15 degree leg lift.
✔✔Know how to assess for a GCS - ✔✔use the scale given on exam to determine the
patient's score. 15 is highest, 3 is low. 3 either means dead or completely unresponsive.
anything below 8 is in a coma.
eyes, verbal, motor
✔✔Know the lung sounds taught in lecture and what they mean. - ✔✔Stridor: strained,
high pitched sound heard on inspirations. caused by upper airway obstruction in
pharynx or larynx
in: above vocal cords
out: below vocal cords
corse rales: fluid in lungs, crackly (like someone sucking up pop)
fine rales: same as corse, but more low pitched and crackly
wheezes: continuous high pitched whistling sound. bronchioles restricts. asthma,
COPD, anaphylaxis.
rhonchi: in the bronchi, rattling noise, mucous in lungs, and upper airway
✔✔Know the reasons to stop a primary survey in trauma - ✔✔1. cardiac arrest
2. airway obstruction
3. life-threatening bleed (arterial) hemorrhage
4. scene is no longer safe
✔✔Know the components of the primary and secondary survey in trauma patients - ✔✔-
Scene size-up( number of patients, need for other resources, MOI, PPE?)
- Initial assessment (general impression, hemorrhage?, LOC, chief complaint, CABC's)
- Rapid trauma survey vs. focused exam
MOI: unknown or generalized: rapid trauma
MOI: localized: focused
secondary: a head-to-toe physical assessment; an additional assessment of a patient to
determine the existence of any injuries other than those found in the primary survey
any obvious injuries to head/neck, chest..... breathing sounds?
