Exam 1 Study Guide NUR 2063: Essentials of
Pathophysiology Winter 2027 Rusmussen
college exam
Module 1
1. Difference between a sign and a symptom:
A symptom is a manifestation of disease apparent to the patient himself, while a sign
is a manifestation of disease that the physician perceives. The sign is objective evidence
of disease; a symptom, subjective
3. The four components/pillars of Pathophysiology (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY):
etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment implications
4. What is homeostasis:
refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions
necessary for survival.
any small changes in our bodies through off homeostasis
EX: not eating in 18+ hours. Blood sugar would drop. Insulin levels would lower.
5. Function of the n
that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical
reactions.
Without ATP the cells do not have the energy to do what they need to do.
Carbohydrates are broken down to make glucose
Mitochondria needs oxygen and glucose to function
6. Function of the endoplasmic reticulum:
The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is
to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.
7. How is fluid between interstitial and intracellular compartments distributed?
Intracellular fluid: inside the cells
Extracellular fluid: Outside the cells
Interstitial fluid: between the cells
Intravascular fluid: inside the blood vessels
Transcellular fluid: third space
Through Osmosis
8. Main complication of sodium imbalance: HYPERNATREMIA excessive amounts,
HYPONATREMIA depletion amount
KNOW NORMAL RANGES: 135-145mEq/L
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, 9. Main complication of calcium imbalance: HYPERCALCEMIA excessive amounts,
depletion amount HYPOCALCEMIA
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Pathophysiology Winter 2027 Rusmussen
college exam
Module 1
1. Difference between a sign and a symptom:
A symptom is a manifestation of disease apparent to the patient himself, while a sign
is a manifestation of disease that the physician perceives. The sign is objective evidence
of disease; a symptom, subjective
3. The four components/pillars of Pathophysiology (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY):
etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment implications
4. What is homeostasis:
refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions
necessary for survival.
any small changes in our bodies through off homeostasis
EX: not eating in 18+ hours. Blood sugar would drop. Insulin levels would lower.
5. Function of the n
that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical
reactions.
Without ATP the cells do not have the energy to do what they need to do.
Carbohydrates are broken down to make glucose
Mitochondria needs oxygen and glucose to function
6. Function of the endoplasmic reticulum:
The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is
to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.
7. How is fluid between interstitial and intracellular compartments distributed?
Intracellular fluid: inside the cells
Extracellular fluid: Outside the cells
Interstitial fluid: between the cells
Intravascular fluid: inside the blood vessels
Transcellular fluid: third space
Through Osmosis
8. Main complication of sodium imbalance: HYPERNATREMIA excessive amounts,
HYPONATREMIA depletion amount
KNOW NORMAL RANGES: 135-145mEq/L
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, 9. Main complication of calcium imbalance: HYPERCALCEMIA excessive amounts,
depletion amount HYPOCALCEMIA
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