SOCIOLOGY 111 LATEST 2026 EXAM TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Sociologist Edwin Sutherland's ______ theory states that people have a greater
tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently interact with individuals
who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity. - ✔✔differential association
✔✔According to contemporary functionalist theorists, deviance is universal. Which of
the following functions does deviance not serve? - ✔✔Deviance prevents social chaos.
✔✔Deviant behavior varies in its degree of seriousness, ranging from mild
transgressions of folkways, to more serious infringements of mores, to quite serious
violations of the law. A _____ is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable
with fines, jail terms, and/or other negative sanctions. - ✔✔crime
✔✔Labeling theory states that deviance is a socially constructed process in which social
control agencies designate certain people as deviants, and they, in turn, accept the
label and begin to act accordingly. This theory focuses on the variety of symbolic labels
that people are given in their interactions with others. - ✔✔True
✔✔__________ is any behavior that is recognized as violating expected rules and
social norms in the society in which it occurs. - ✔✔Deviance
✔✔Deviance is relative—that is, an act becomes deviant when it is socially defined as
such. Definitions of deviance vary widely from place to place, from time to time, and
from group to group. - ✔✔True
✔✔According to sociologists, a ______ is one that is advantaged and has superior
resources and rights in a society. - ✔✔dominant group
✔✔In class, we discussed ethnic enclaves. Ethnic enclaves are considered a good
example of: - ✔✔De Facto Segregation
✔✔In the contact hypothesis, symbolic interactionists point out that contact between
people from divergent groups should lead to favorable attitudes and behavior when
certain factors such as having equal status and pursuing the same goals are present. -
✔✔True
✔✔From a sociological perspective, _______ is a negative attitude based on faulty
generalizations about members of specific racial, ethnic, or other groups. - ✔✔prejudice
, ✔✔The ______ is characterized by a tendency to rigidly categorized other people, as
well as inclinations to submit to authority, strictly conform, be intolerant, likely
superstitious. - ✔✔authoritarian personality
✔✔Often members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become _______ and are
often blamed for societal problems (such as unemployment or an economic recession)
over which they have no control. - ✔✔scapegoats
✔✔_______ is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and
culturally absorbed within dominant society. - ✔✔Assimilation
✔✔______, the perception and treatment of racial or ethnic groups, or members of that
group, as intellectually, socially, and cultural inferior to one's own group. - ✔✔Racism
✔✔______ ______ is a social category of people who share a common culture, for
example, a common language, religion, nationality, etc. - ✔✔Ethnic Group
✔✔Ethnocentrism is maintained and perpetuated by _______, which is/are
overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of
members of particular categories. - ✔✔stereotypes
✔✔Virtually everything social in our lives is ______. People continually distinguish
between males and females and evaluate them differentially. It is an integral part of the
daily experiences of both women and men. - ✔✔gendered
✔✔Which of the following would not be an example of secondary sex characteristics in
men? - ✔✔penis
✔✔Various organizations of gays, lesbians, and transgendered persons have been
unified in their desire to reduce hate crimes and other forms of ______—the extreme
prejudice directed at gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and others who are perceived as not
being heterosexual. - ✔✔homophobia
✔✔_____ is the process of treating people as if they were things, not human beings.
Typically, this occurs when we judge people on the basis of their physical appearance
rather than on the basis of their individual qualities or actions. - ✔✔Objectification
✔✔___ refers to biological identity, being male or female. - ✔✔Sex
✔✔_____ refers to the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as
appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process. -
✔✔Gender role
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Sociologist Edwin Sutherland's ______ theory states that people have a greater
tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently interact with individuals
who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity. - ✔✔differential association
✔✔According to contemporary functionalist theorists, deviance is universal. Which of
the following functions does deviance not serve? - ✔✔Deviance prevents social chaos.
✔✔Deviant behavior varies in its degree of seriousness, ranging from mild
transgressions of folkways, to more serious infringements of mores, to quite serious
violations of the law. A _____ is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable
with fines, jail terms, and/or other negative sanctions. - ✔✔crime
✔✔Labeling theory states that deviance is a socially constructed process in which social
control agencies designate certain people as deviants, and they, in turn, accept the
label and begin to act accordingly. This theory focuses on the variety of symbolic labels
that people are given in their interactions with others. - ✔✔True
✔✔__________ is any behavior that is recognized as violating expected rules and
social norms in the society in which it occurs. - ✔✔Deviance
✔✔Deviance is relative—that is, an act becomes deviant when it is socially defined as
such. Definitions of deviance vary widely from place to place, from time to time, and
from group to group. - ✔✔True
✔✔According to sociologists, a ______ is one that is advantaged and has superior
resources and rights in a society. - ✔✔dominant group
✔✔In class, we discussed ethnic enclaves. Ethnic enclaves are considered a good
example of: - ✔✔De Facto Segregation
✔✔In the contact hypothesis, symbolic interactionists point out that contact between
people from divergent groups should lead to favorable attitudes and behavior when
certain factors such as having equal status and pursuing the same goals are present. -
✔✔True
✔✔From a sociological perspective, _______ is a negative attitude based on faulty
generalizations about members of specific racial, ethnic, or other groups. - ✔✔prejudice
, ✔✔The ______ is characterized by a tendency to rigidly categorized other people, as
well as inclinations to submit to authority, strictly conform, be intolerant, likely
superstitious. - ✔✔authoritarian personality
✔✔Often members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become _______ and are
often blamed for societal problems (such as unemployment or an economic recession)
over which they have no control. - ✔✔scapegoats
✔✔_______ is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and
culturally absorbed within dominant society. - ✔✔Assimilation
✔✔______, the perception and treatment of racial or ethnic groups, or members of that
group, as intellectually, socially, and cultural inferior to one's own group. - ✔✔Racism
✔✔______ ______ is a social category of people who share a common culture, for
example, a common language, religion, nationality, etc. - ✔✔Ethnic Group
✔✔Ethnocentrism is maintained and perpetuated by _______, which is/are
overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of
members of particular categories. - ✔✔stereotypes
✔✔Virtually everything social in our lives is ______. People continually distinguish
between males and females and evaluate them differentially. It is an integral part of the
daily experiences of both women and men. - ✔✔gendered
✔✔Which of the following would not be an example of secondary sex characteristics in
men? - ✔✔penis
✔✔Various organizations of gays, lesbians, and transgendered persons have been
unified in their desire to reduce hate crimes and other forms of ______—the extreme
prejudice directed at gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and others who are perceived as not
being heterosexual. - ✔✔homophobia
✔✔_____ is the process of treating people as if they were things, not human beings.
Typically, this occurs when we judge people on the basis of their physical appearance
rather than on the basis of their individual qualities or actions. - ✔✔Objectification
✔✔___ refers to biological identity, being male or female. - ✔✔Sex
✔✔_____ refers to the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as
appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process. -
✔✔Gender role
