SOCIOLOGY 111 LATEST 2026 EXAM EVALUATION
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - ✔✔Our language changes our experiences, our
perceptions and ultimately the way we think
✔✔Subculture - ✔✔World within dominant culture (ex. bicyclists, Mormons)
✔✔Counterculture - ✔✔Built against the grain and at odds with the dominant culture
(Hell's angels)
✔✔Value - ✔✔an idea held to be important
✔✔Norm - ✔✔how people should behave
✔✔Culture lag - ✔✔hunter and gatherer societies that have cell phones
✔✔Cultural universals - ✔✔all cultures have courtship, marriage, funerals, and games
of some sort.
✔✔Mead - ✔✔Development of sense of self. 1. Imitation <3, 2. Play start to understand
others' viewpoints 3-6, Team sports ( Most important according to Mead)
✔✔Kohlberg Moral Development - ✔✔1. Immoral (0-7): please yourself
2. Pre-conventional (7-10): please others
3. Conventional (10-12): develop morals
4. Post conventional (12+): abstract principles, own morality
✔✔Piaget (stages of development) - ✔✔1. Sensorimotor (0-2): Exploring environment
2. Preoperational (2-7): Understand symbols
3. Concrete Operational (7-12): Understand causation
4. Formal Operational (12+): Abstract thinking
✔✔Conflict theorists (gender socialization) - ✔✔This gender typing is detrimental to
society, and it favors males.
✔✔Functionalist (gender socialization) - ✔✔This gender typing is predictable and
beneficial (like a basketball team...if everyone were doing the same things the team
wouldn't be much of a team.)
✔✔Cooleys looking glass self - ✔✔How we think others view us affect how we view
ourselves
1. We imagine how others view ourselves
2. We imagine how others judge the appearance that WE think they perceive about us
, 3. If we think the evaluation is positive, we will have a positive view of ourselves and
vice versa
✔✔Nature - ✔✔Heredity (ex: twins separated at birth)
✔✔nurture - ✔✔Social environment (ex. feral children)
✔✔Three-way approach to analyzing advertising - ✔✔1. Surface: skimming through
advertisement - what is it advertizing?
2. Advertisers intended meaning - what do they want you to do?
3. Cultural meaning - what does the ad say about our beliefs or about our culture?
✔✔Social Institutions - ✔✔shape society. ex: politics, religion, education
✔✔Marriage Market activity - ✔✔We couldn't all get married b/c we all wanted to marry
up, not down, social factors will not let us all marry to the same level
✔✔Ascribed (status) - ✔✔Automatic; inherited. (ex. Your gender, nationality, etc.)
✔✔Achieved (status) - ✔✔Present because of your own efforts.
✔✔Master (status) - ✔✔Cuts across all other statuses. (ex. If you see Obama walking
down the street, you don't see a black man nor a Harvard grad -- you see the President
of the USA)
✔✔Symbol (status) - ✔✔Signs that identify status (ex. Backpacks identify students,
white coats identify doctors, etc.)
✔✔Role - ✔✔Behavior associated with a certain social status
✔✔Conflict - ✔✔multiple roles. (ex. Mother, secretary, relief society president)
✔✔Role strain - ✔✔In one specific role. (ex. Mother: clean the house, take care of kids,
take sally to piano, take bobby to soccer)
✔✔Exit - ✔✔Leaving a social role
✔✔Dramaturgy - ✔✔The world is a stage - the way we interact can be compared to a
play.
Presentation of self in everyday life (what we want to convey to other people)
Face saving behaviors, breaking frame, etc.
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - ✔✔Our language changes our experiences, our
perceptions and ultimately the way we think
✔✔Subculture - ✔✔World within dominant culture (ex. bicyclists, Mormons)
✔✔Counterculture - ✔✔Built against the grain and at odds with the dominant culture
(Hell's angels)
✔✔Value - ✔✔an idea held to be important
✔✔Norm - ✔✔how people should behave
✔✔Culture lag - ✔✔hunter and gatherer societies that have cell phones
✔✔Cultural universals - ✔✔all cultures have courtship, marriage, funerals, and games
of some sort.
✔✔Mead - ✔✔Development of sense of self. 1. Imitation <3, 2. Play start to understand
others' viewpoints 3-6, Team sports ( Most important according to Mead)
✔✔Kohlberg Moral Development - ✔✔1. Immoral (0-7): please yourself
2. Pre-conventional (7-10): please others
3. Conventional (10-12): develop morals
4. Post conventional (12+): abstract principles, own morality
✔✔Piaget (stages of development) - ✔✔1. Sensorimotor (0-2): Exploring environment
2. Preoperational (2-7): Understand symbols
3. Concrete Operational (7-12): Understand causation
4. Formal Operational (12+): Abstract thinking
✔✔Conflict theorists (gender socialization) - ✔✔This gender typing is detrimental to
society, and it favors males.
✔✔Functionalist (gender socialization) - ✔✔This gender typing is predictable and
beneficial (like a basketball team...if everyone were doing the same things the team
wouldn't be much of a team.)
✔✔Cooleys looking glass self - ✔✔How we think others view us affect how we view
ourselves
1. We imagine how others view ourselves
2. We imagine how others judge the appearance that WE think they perceive about us
, 3. If we think the evaluation is positive, we will have a positive view of ourselves and
vice versa
✔✔Nature - ✔✔Heredity (ex: twins separated at birth)
✔✔nurture - ✔✔Social environment (ex. feral children)
✔✔Three-way approach to analyzing advertising - ✔✔1. Surface: skimming through
advertisement - what is it advertizing?
2. Advertisers intended meaning - what do they want you to do?
3. Cultural meaning - what does the ad say about our beliefs or about our culture?
✔✔Social Institutions - ✔✔shape society. ex: politics, religion, education
✔✔Marriage Market activity - ✔✔We couldn't all get married b/c we all wanted to marry
up, not down, social factors will not let us all marry to the same level
✔✔Ascribed (status) - ✔✔Automatic; inherited. (ex. Your gender, nationality, etc.)
✔✔Achieved (status) - ✔✔Present because of your own efforts.
✔✔Master (status) - ✔✔Cuts across all other statuses. (ex. If you see Obama walking
down the street, you don't see a black man nor a Harvard grad -- you see the President
of the USA)
✔✔Symbol (status) - ✔✔Signs that identify status (ex. Backpacks identify students,
white coats identify doctors, etc.)
✔✔Role - ✔✔Behavior associated with a certain social status
✔✔Conflict - ✔✔multiple roles. (ex. Mother, secretary, relief society president)
✔✔Role strain - ✔✔In one specific role. (ex. Mother: clean the house, take care of kids,
take sally to piano, take bobby to soccer)
✔✔Exit - ✔✔Leaving a social role
✔✔Dramaturgy - ✔✔The world is a stage - the way we interact can be compared to a
play.
Presentation of self in everyday life (what we want to convey to other people)
Face saving behaviors, breaking frame, etc.
