SOCIOLOGY 111 LATEST 2026 MAIN FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Talcott Parsons - ✔✔He was a sociologist from the functionalist school known for
having formulated the Sick role theory in 1951. This theory claims that, when people are
labelled sick, they may enter the sick role. This frees them from responsibilities other
than treatment-related ones. That is, when in the sick role, individuals cease to be
required to engage with their existing social roles, such as working and/or taking care of
their family, and are required instead to seek help and address their health problems as
quickly as possible. Only after regaining a healthy status, that is, when leaving the sick
role are they expected to return to the performance of their other social roles.
illness= deviant
✔✔who looked at society as a class struggle between power of bourgoisie vs proletariat
and that conflicts end when society is classless - ✔✔karl marx
✔✔what level is symbolic interactionism - ✔✔micro level
✔✔society as an effect of society, meaning and symbols is part of what approach -
✔✔symbolic interactionism
✔✔George H. Mead - ✔✔-explored how our personalities develop as a result of our
experiences
✔✔Charles H. Cooley - ✔✔coined the phrase "looking-glass self" to emphasize how we
see ourselves and develop a sense of self through others' eyes
✔✔social reality created by people based on what the reality around them means for
them - ✔✔symbolic interactionism
✔✔Max Weber (1864-1920) - ✔✔Verstehen; Protestant Catholicism "produced the spirit
of the modern form of industrial capitalism.' EX) prtestant work ethic cause of material
wealth + success of protestant countries
- behaviour (meaningless) vs actions ( meaningful)
✔✔reality is made from what three things - ✔✔interpretation, symbol, interaction
✔✔independant variable - ✔✔the thing that will be changed in each experiment and
causes change in the other factors
✔✔Dependant variable - ✔✔the variable that relies on the independant variable;
measured
, ✔✔Operationalization of variables - ✔✔the process of strictly defining variables into
measurable factors. The process defines fuzzy concepts and allows them to be
measured, empirically and quantitatively.
valid + reliable
✔✔Research Methods - ✔✔specific strategies or techniques for systematically
conducting research
✔✔Qualitative Methods - ✔✔methods that attempt to collect information about the
social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form
✔✔Quantitative Research - ✔✔Research that provides data that can be expressed with
numbers, such as ranks or scales.
✔✔types of methods - ✔✔self-administered questionaires
researcher administered questionnaires
sampling
interviews
ethnography
✔✔sampling - ✔✔The process of selecting representative units from a total population
✔✔probablity sampling - ✔✔members have an equal chance to be part of a sample
✔✔Examples of probability sampling - ✔✔simple random sampling, stratified random
sampling, systematic sampling
✔✔non-probability sampling - ✔✔a sampling technique in which there is no way to
calculate the likelihood that a specific element of the population being studied -will be
chosen
no equal opporunity of being part of a sample
✔✔Examples of non-probability sampling - ✔✔Convenience Sampling
Quota Sampling
cluster
Snowball Sampling
✔✔Research Ethics - ✔✔Standards of conduct that investigators are ethically bound to
honor to protect their research participants from physical or psychological harm.
✔✔peer review - ✔✔A process by which the procedures and results of an experiment
are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting
similar research.
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Talcott Parsons - ✔✔He was a sociologist from the functionalist school known for
having formulated the Sick role theory in 1951. This theory claims that, when people are
labelled sick, they may enter the sick role. This frees them from responsibilities other
than treatment-related ones. That is, when in the sick role, individuals cease to be
required to engage with their existing social roles, such as working and/or taking care of
their family, and are required instead to seek help and address their health problems as
quickly as possible. Only after regaining a healthy status, that is, when leaving the sick
role are they expected to return to the performance of their other social roles.
illness= deviant
✔✔who looked at society as a class struggle between power of bourgoisie vs proletariat
and that conflicts end when society is classless - ✔✔karl marx
✔✔what level is symbolic interactionism - ✔✔micro level
✔✔society as an effect of society, meaning and symbols is part of what approach -
✔✔symbolic interactionism
✔✔George H. Mead - ✔✔-explored how our personalities develop as a result of our
experiences
✔✔Charles H. Cooley - ✔✔coined the phrase "looking-glass self" to emphasize how we
see ourselves and develop a sense of self through others' eyes
✔✔social reality created by people based on what the reality around them means for
them - ✔✔symbolic interactionism
✔✔Max Weber (1864-1920) - ✔✔Verstehen; Protestant Catholicism "produced the spirit
of the modern form of industrial capitalism.' EX) prtestant work ethic cause of material
wealth + success of protestant countries
- behaviour (meaningless) vs actions ( meaningful)
✔✔reality is made from what three things - ✔✔interpretation, symbol, interaction
✔✔independant variable - ✔✔the thing that will be changed in each experiment and
causes change in the other factors
✔✔Dependant variable - ✔✔the variable that relies on the independant variable;
measured
, ✔✔Operationalization of variables - ✔✔the process of strictly defining variables into
measurable factors. The process defines fuzzy concepts and allows them to be
measured, empirically and quantitatively.
valid + reliable
✔✔Research Methods - ✔✔specific strategies or techniques for systematically
conducting research
✔✔Qualitative Methods - ✔✔methods that attempt to collect information about the
social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form
✔✔Quantitative Research - ✔✔Research that provides data that can be expressed with
numbers, such as ranks or scales.
✔✔types of methods - ✔✔self-administered questionaires
researcher administered questionnaires
sampling
interviews
ethnography
✔✔sampling - ✔✔The process of selecting representative units from a total population
✔✔probablity sampling - ✔✔members have an equal chance to be part of a sample
✔✔Examples of probability sampling - ✔✔simple random sampling, stratified random
sampling, systematic sampling
✔✔non-probability sampling - ✔✔a sampling technique in which there is no way to
calculate the likelihood that a specific element of the population being studied -will be
chosen
no equal opporunity of being part of a sample
✔✔Examples of non-probability sampling - ✔✔Convenience Sampling
Quota Sampling
cluster
Snowball Sampling
✔✔Research Ethics - ✔✔Standards of conduct that investigators are ethically bound to
honor to protect their research participants from physical or psychological harm.
✔✔peer review - ✔✔A process by which the procedures and results of an experiment
are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting
similar research.
