CRIME
PREVENTION
PRINCIPLES OF
POLICING 1A
, TERMS:
COMMUNICATION: Means of sending or receiving information.
COURTEOUS: To be polite and to show respect.
ETHICS: Moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or performance of an activity.
HIERARCHY: A system in which people are arranged according to their status or authority. Upper
levels in organisations.
LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS AND OFFICERS: Any public sector employee whose duties involve the
enforcement of laws, including a police official, traffic officer, prison official, custom official,
immigration official, Home Affairs official, or any official who has been granted powers to enforce
specific laws.
STANDARD: A criterion that refers to the basis for making a judgement.
TRANSFORMATION: Marked change in the appearance, nature or character of something or
someone, especially so that the thing or person improves, thus going in a new direction.
UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES: Concepts of legal legitimacy.
VALUES: Fundamental beliefs of a person or an organisation. The importance or usefulness of
something; the regard that something is held to deserve.
, UNIT 1-INTRODUCTION TO POLICY:
DEFINITION:
WHAT IS POLICY?
Can be defined as a declaration of the intention to do something or to have it done by
specified institutions or functionaries, as prescribed.
Fischer, Miller and Sidney state the formulation and adoption of a policy include the
definition of objectives, what should be achieved with the policy.
A set of policies comprises principles, rules and guidelines formulated by an organisation to
reach its long-term goals.
Policy outlines socially accepted norms and practices to assure some form of predictability in
the allocation of scarce resources so we can all contribute towards a social outcome.
WHAT IS PUBLIC POLICY?
Decisions made by democratically elected government politicians on behalf of the people
they represent in parliament. Focus is on the output of governments. Law enforcement
departments, as part of the public sector, are concerned with public policy.
Haruna and Vyas-Doorgapersad state that the role of a government is to make public policy,
and provincial and local governments are responsible for delivering basic services.
Antwi-Boasiako and Bonna point out that public policy has a direct effect on the people and
must be implemented while leaders maintain high professional standards of good and
respectful character, accountability, commitment and transparency in their execution of
public duties.
According to Cochran, public policy can be described as the overall framework within which
government actions are undertaken to achieve public goals, in other words, decisions and
actions designed to deal with a matter of public concern.
Individuals and groups attempt to shape public policy through the mobilisation of interest
groups, advocacy education and political lobbying.
BACKGROUND TO POLICY FORMULATION:
COMMUNITIES NEED POLICIES:
People living together in communities share specific values, needs, desires and demands.
They need goods and services to enable them to live together without continuous conflict,
so they have to establish institutions and organisations to provide these goods and services
and to make peaceful co-existence between them possible.
Government has to make policies to express the values, needs, desires and demands of the
people it represents. To achieve its goals, the governments develop a constitution on the
basis of which different laws are formulated.
MANDATE FROM SOCIETY TO GOVERNMENT:
Government receives a mandate from society to pursue set goals.
PREVENTION
PRINCIPLES OF
POLICING 1A
, TERMS:
COMMUNICATION: Means of sending or receiving information.
COURTEOUS: To be polite and to show respect.
ETHICS: Moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or performance of an activity.
HIERARCHY: A system in which people are arranged according to their status or authority. Upper
levels in organisations.
LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS AND OFFICERS: Any public sector employee whose duties involve the
enforcement of laws, including a police official, traffic officer, prison official, custom official,
immigration official, Home Affairs official, or any official who has been granted powers to enforce
specific laws.
STANDARD: A criterion that refers to the basis for making a judgement.
TRANSFORMATION: Marked change in the appearance, nature or character of something or
someone, especially so that the thing or person improves, thus going in a new direction.
UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES: Concepts of legal legitimacy.
VALUES: Fundamental beliefs of a person or an organisation. The importance or usefulness of
something; the regard that something is held to deserve.
, UNIT 1-INTRODUCTION TO POLICY:
DEFINITION:
WHAT IS POLICY?
Can be defined as a declaration of the intention to do something or to have it done by
specified institutions or functionaries, as prescribed.
Fischer, Miller and Sidney state the formulation and adoption of a policy include the
definition of objectives, what should be achieved with the policy.
A set of policies comprises principles, rules and guidelines formulated by an organisation to
reach its long-term goals.
Policy outlines socially accepted norms and practices to assure some form of predictability in
the allocation of scarce resources so we can all contribute towards a social outcome.
WHAT IS PUBLIC POLICY?
Decisions made by democratically elected government politicians on behalf of the people
they represent in parliament. Focus is on the output of governments. Law enforcement
departments, as part of the public sector, are concerned with public policy.
Haruna and Vyas-Doorgapersad state that the role of a government is to make public policy,
and provincial and local governments are responsible for delivering basic services.
Antwi-Boasiako and Bonna point out that public policy has a direct effect on the people and
must be implemented while leaders maintain high professional standards of good and
respectful character, accountability, commitment and transparency in their execution of
public duties.
According to Cochran, public policy can be described as the overall framework within which
government actions are undertaken to achieve public goals, in other words, decisions and
actions designed to deal with a matter of public concern.
Individuals and groups attempt to shape public policy through the mobilisation of interest
groups, advocacy education and political lobbying.
BACKGROUND TO POLICY FORMULATION:
COMMUNITIES NEED POLICIES:
People living together in communities share specific values, needs, desires and demands.
They need goods and services to enable them to live together without continuous conflict,
so they have to establish institutions and organisations to provide these goods and services
and to make peaceful co-existence between them possible.
Government has to make policies to express the values, needs, desires and demands of the
people it represents. To achieve its goals, the governments develop a constitution on the
basis of which different laws are formulated.
MANDATE FROM SOCIETY TO GOVERNMENT:
Government receives a mandate from society to pursue set goals.
