Exam Questions and Answers
Question 1 of 78
A blowing systolic murmur heard best over the left chest at the 5th intercostal space, radiating to the left axilla, likely represents
which cardiac finding?
A. Aortic Stenosis
✅ B. Mitral Regurgitation
C. Mitral Stenosis
D. Aortic Regurgitation
Explanation:
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by a blowing systolic murmur heard best at the apex and radiating to the axilla.
Question 2 of 78
Which medication does NOT cause beta 1 stimulation?
A. Dopamine
B. Epinephrine
✅ C. Phenylephrine
D. Dobutamine
Explanation:
Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist and does not stimulate beta-1 receptors.
Question 3 of 78
A patient with systolic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction should include which of the following treatments?
A. Prescribing 500 ml fluid bolus for hypotension
B. Auscultating lung sounds for rhonchi
,C. Prescribing midazolam to aid with air hunger
✅ D. Prescribing Entresto unless contraindicated on discharge
Explanation:
Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan) reduces mortality and hospitalization in HFrEF.
Question 4 of 78
Which medication is NOT considered part of optimal medical therapy for a male patient with HFrEF, CAD, and normal renal function?
A. Aspirin
B. Carvedilol
✅ C. Diltiazem
D. Spironolactone
Explanation:
Diltiazem is generally avoided in HFrEF because of its negative inotropic effects.
Question 5 of 78
What ophthalmic finding is most likely in a patient with poorly controlled hypertension?
A. Drusen bodies
✅ B. Arteriolar narrowing
C. Optic atrophy
D. Increased vascularization
Explanation:
Arteriolar narrowing is a classic finding in hypertensive retinopathy.
Question 6 of 78
, An adolescent with type 1 DM should have a lipid check how often?
A. 2 years
B. 10 years
✅ C. 5 years
D. 1 year
Explanation:
Lipid screening is generally recommended every 5 years in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Question 7 of 78
A patient presents with bradycardia, severe nausea, substernal pain, and STEMI on EKG. Which heart region is most likely involved?
A. Septal Wall
B. Anterior Wall
✅ C. Inferior Wall
D. Lateral Wall
Explanation:
Inferior wall STEMIs commonly cause bradycardia and nausea due to vagal stimulation.
Question 8 of 78
What is a typical starting dose of levothyroxine for an elderly adult patient with a BMI of 20?
A. 75 mcg
✅ B. 25 mcg
C. 100 mcg
D. 125 mcg
Explanation:
Elderly patients are started on lower doses to avoid cardiac complications.
Question 1 of 78
A blowing systolic murmur heard best over the left chest at the 5th intercostal space, radiating to the left axilla, likely represents
which cardiac finding?
A. Aortic Stenosis
✅ B. Mitral Regurgitation
C. Mitral Stenosis
D. Aortic Regurgitation
Explanation:
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by a blowing systolic murmur heard best at the apex and radiating to the axilla.
Question 2 of 78
Which medication does NOT cause beta 1 stimulation?
A. Dopamine
B. Epinephrine
✅ C. Phenylephrine
D. Dobutamine
Explanation:
Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist and does not stimulate beta-1 receptors.
Question 3 of 78
A patient with systolic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction should include which of the following treatments?
A. Prescribing 500 ml fluid bolus for hypotension
B. Auscultating lung sounds for rhonchi
,C. Prescribing midazolam to aid with air hunger
✅ D. Prescribing Entresto unless contraindicated on discharge
Explanation:
Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan) reduces mortality and hospitalization in HFrEF.
Question 4 of 78
Which medication is NOT considered part of optimal medical therapy for a male patient with HFrEF, CAD, and normal renal function?
A. Aspirin
B. Carvedilol
✅ C. Diltiazem
D. Spironolactone
Explanation:
Diltiazem is generally avoided in HFrEF because of its negative inotropic effects.
Question 5 of 78
What ophthalmic finding is most likely in a patient with poorly controlled hypertension?
A. Drusen bodies
✅ B. Arteriolar narrowing
C. Optic atrophy
D. Increased vascularization
Explanation:
Arteriolar narrowing is a classic finding in hypertensive retinopathy.
Question 6 of 78
, An adolescent with type 1 DM should have a lipid check how often?
A. 2 years
B. 10 years
✅ C. 5 years
D. 1 year
Explanation:
Lipid screening is generally recommended every 5 years in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Question 7 of 78
A patient presents with bradycardia, severe nausea, substernal pain, and STEMI on EKG. Which heart region is most likely involved?
A. Septal Wall
B. Anterior Wall
✅ C. Inferior Wall
D. Lateral Wall
Explanation:
Inferior wall STEMIs commonly cause bradycardia and nausea due to vagal stimulation.
Question 8 of 78
What is a typical starting dose of levothyroxine for an elderly adult patient with a BMI of 20?
A. 75 mcg
✅ B. 25 mcg
C. 100 mcg
D. 125 mcg
Explanation:
Elderly patients are started on lower doses to avoid cardiac complications.
