NUR 210 pharmacology principles EXAM A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

PHARMACOLOGY EXAM zm




Exam Solution zm




Galen pharm 210 Exam 3 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED CO
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MPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (C33C9) zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 1 zm




What is hydrochlorothiazide and what is it used for?
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ANSWER

a thiazide diuretic used for HTN or edema from CHF
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QUESTION 2 zm




What is furosemide and what is it used for?
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ANSWER

Lasix a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, HTN, pulmonary edem
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a



QUESTION 3 zm




diuretics caused lab abnormalities zm zm zm




ANSWER

low K (except spironolactone which causes high K) low Mg low Cl low Na high blood sugar low Ca
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(loop) high Ca (thiazide)
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QUESTION 4 zm




What is mannitol and what is it used for?
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ANSWER

an osmotic diuretic used to decrease ICP, IOP, excrete toxins, used in emergent situations
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,QUESTION 5 zm




What is spironolactone and what is it used for?
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ANSWER

a potassium-sparing diuretic blocks aldosterone, used for heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis
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QUESTION 6 zm




diuretic interventions zm




ANSWER

monitor I's & O's, daily weight notify HCP if urine output does not increase monitor VS, watch BP a
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dminister Lasix slowly for K wasting watch for s/s of hypokalemia for K sparing watch for s/s of hy
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perkalemia monitor electrolyte levels monitor glucose periodically
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QUESTION 7 zm




diuretics teaching zm




ANSWER

take BP before dose weigh self daily (report gain of 2# overnight or 5# in week) take medication in
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morning ok to take w/ food for GI upset avoid sunlight for photosensitivity teach to get up slowly
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reinforce need for medication and compliance diet - K wasting -
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increase potassium, supplement, esp if Pt on digoxin diet - K sparing -
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decrease potassium teach that drugs can increase glucose so HCP will monitor blood glucose
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QUESTION 8 zm




WHICH STATEMENT WILL THE NURSE INCLUDE WHEN TEACHING A PATIENT ABOUT L
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OOP (HIGH-CEILING) DIURETICS?
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A. TAKE THE MEDICATION AT BEDTIME.
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B. TAKE THE MEDICATION ON AN EMPTY STOMACH.
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C. RISE SLOWLY FROM A LYING OR SITTING TO STANDING POSITION TO PREVENT DIZ
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ZINESS.
D. AVOID FRUIT AND VEGETABLES IN THE DIET.
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ANSWER

Answer: C Rationale: The medication should be taken in the morning, not at bedtime, to prevent sle
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ep disturbances and nocturia; taking the medication at mealtime or with a snack, not on an empty s
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tomach, can prevent nausea from developing, and patients receiving this medication should eat a die
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t high in fruits and vegetables to prevent hypokalemia.
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QUESTION 9 zm

,A PATIENT IS ADMITTED TO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT WITH INCREASED INTRACRA
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NIAL PRESSURE. THE NURSE WOULD ANTICIPATE ADMINISTERING
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A. FUROSEMIDE (LASIX).
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B. MANNITOL (OSMITROL).
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C. TRIAMTERENE (DYRENIUM).
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D. SPIRONOLACTONE (ALDACTONE).
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ANSWER

• ANSWER: B • RATIONALE: OSMOTIC DIURETICS SUCH AS MANNITOL (OSMITROL) INCREASE THE
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mOSMOLALITY AND SODIUM REABSORPTION IN THE PROXIMAL TUBULE AND LOOP OF HENLE. SOD
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IUM, CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM, AND WATER ARE EXCRETED. THIS GROUP OF DRUGS IS USED TO PR
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EVENT KIDNEY FAILURE, TO DECREASE INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE, AND TO DECREASE INTRAOCUL
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AR PRESSURE. MANNITOL IS A POTENT OSMOTIC POTASSIUM-
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WASTING DIURETIC FREQUENTLY USED IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS SUCH AS ICP AND IOP.
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QUESTION 10 zm




A PATIENT IS RECEIVING FUROSEMIDE (LASIX). IT IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR THE NUR
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SE TO MONITOR THE PATIENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
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A. HYPERKALEMIA.
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B. HYPOKALEMIA.
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C. HYPONATREMIA.
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D. HYPERNATREMIA.
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ANSWER

• ANSWER: B • RATIONALE: HYPOKALEMIA IS THE MOST COMMON ELECTROLYTE BALANCE ASSO
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CIATED WITH FUROSEMIDE (LASIX) THERAPY.
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QUESTION 11 zm




A PATIENT WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE GAINS 5 POUNDS IN 1 WEEK. THIS MO
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ST LIKELY INDICATES A FLUID WEIGHT GAIN OF
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A. ½ L. zm zm



B. 1 L. zm zm



C. 2 L. zm zm



D. 3 L. zm zm




ANSWER

• ANSWER: C • RATIONALE: WEIGHT GAIN OF 2.2 POUNDS IS EQUIVALENT TO AN EXCESS LITER
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OF BODY FLUIDS.
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QUESTION 12 zm




BEFORE ADMINISTERING SPIRONOLACTONE, IT IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR THE NURSE
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TO DETERMINE IF THE PATIENT IS ALSO RECEIVING
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, A. DIGOXIN (LANOXIN).
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B. POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (K-DUR).
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C. ACETAMINOPHEN (TYLENOL).
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D. DOXAZOSIN (CARDURA).
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ANSWER

• ANSWER: B • RATIONALE: SPIRONOLACTONE IS A POTASSIUM-
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SPARING DIURETIC. POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IS NOT INDICATED UNLESS THE PATIENT'S SE
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RUM POTASSIUM LEVEL IS VERY LOW.
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QUESTION 13 zm




WHICH STATEMENT ABOUT ALDOSTERONE DOES THE NURSE IDENTIFY AS BEING TRU
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E? ALDOSTERONE
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A. PROMOTES SODIUM EXCRETION.
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B. IS A MINERALOCORTICOID HORMONE.
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C. PROMOTES POTASSIUM RETENTION.
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D. IS SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS.
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ANSWER

• ANSWER: B • RATIONALE: ALDOSTERONE IS A MINERALOCORTICOID HORMONE THAT PROMOTE
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S SODIUM RETENTION, AND POTASSIUM EXCRETION IS NOT SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS
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QUESTION 14 zm




An elderly patient will be taking a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect
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is of most concern for the older adult patient taking this class of drug? Dry mouth Re
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stlessness Hypotension Constipation zm zm




ANSWER

Hypotension The elderly are more sensitive to the blood pressure-
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lowering effects of vasodilators, and consequently experience more problems with hypotension, dizzi
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ness, and syncope. The other options are incorrect.
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QUESTION 15 zm




The nurse is administering a beta-
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blocker to a patient. Which is the most important assessment to perform before admi
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nistration? Potassium level Urine output Serum level of medication Apical pulse
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ANSWER

Apical pulse zm




QUESTION 16 zm