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1. A 68-year-old male is unresponsive with snoring respirations at 6 breaths per minute and an SpO₂ of 82% on
room air. What is your priority intervention?
A) Apply a non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min
B) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver and ventilate with a BVM
C) Insert an oropharyngeal airway and apply a nasal cannula
D) Suction the airway for 30 seconds immediately
Answer: B
Snoring indicates partial airway obstruction by the tongue; the jaw-thrust opens the airway without moving the
cervical spine, and BVM ventilation corrects hypoxia.
2. EMTs should wear high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirators when in contact with patients suspected of
having which disease?
A) HIV or AIDS
B) Tuberculosis
C) Hepatitis B
D) Open wounds with active bleeding
Answer: B
Tuberculosis spreads via airborne droplet nuclei, requiring N95 or HEPA respirators as part of airborne precautions
according to CDC guidelines.
3. You arrive at a home and smell a strong odor of natural gas while a 60-year-old female complains of a severe
headache. What is your first action?
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,A) Check the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation
B) Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assess vital signs
C) Remove the patient from the house to your ambulance
D) Open all windows and determine the source of the gas leak
Answer: C
Scene safety is the highest priority; natural gas poses explosion and carbon monoxide risks, so immediate removal
of the patient and yourself is essential.
4. The most common electrical rhythm disturbance resulting in sudden cardiac arrest is:
A) Pulseless electrical activity
B) Ventricular fibrillation
C) Ventricular tachycardia
D) Asystole
Answer: B
Ventricular fibrillation causes chaotic quivering of the ventricles with no effective cardiac output, making it the most
common shockable rhythm in sudden cardiac arrest.
5. A non-trauma patient is pulseless and apneic. Assisted ventilation is attempted but unsuccessful. After
repositioning the head, a repeat ventilation attempt also fails. What is the next most appropriate step?
A) Check for a foreign body airway obstruction
B) Continue with chest compressions only
C) Attempt ventilations using an alternative method
D) Continue repositioning the head until ventilation is successful
Answer: A
When basic airway maneuvers fail to allow ventilation, the next step is to look for and relieve an airway obstruction,
such as a foreign body.
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,6. During cardiac arrest management, the AED gives a "no shock advised" message. Which condition most likely
prompted this message?
A) The patient is in ventricular tachycardia
B) The patient is hypothermic
C) The patient is in ventricular fibrillation
D) The patient's rhythm is asystole
Answer: D
AEDs analyze for shockable rhythms (V-fib and pulseless V-tach); asystole and PEA are non-shockable, so the
AED advises "no shock."
7. Which patient should receive the highest priority in a multiple-casualty situation?
A) Adequate breathing, venous bleeding
B) Adequate breathing, responsive, suspected spine injury
C) Inadequate breathing, responsive, suspected broken tibia
D) Inadequate breathing, unresponsive, suspected internal bleeding
Answer: D
This patient has two life threats: inadequate breathing and suspected internal bleeding with unresponsiveness,
meeting highest triage priority criteria.
8. Of the following body fluids, which has the most potential to transmit blood-borne diseases?
A) Nasal discharge
B) Vomitus
C) Amniotic fluid
D) Feces
Answer: C
Amniotic fluid can contain high concentrations of blood-borne pathogens, especially if the mother has HIV or
hepatitis, posing significant transmission risk.
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, 9. Which heart rhythm most commonly converts to ventricular fibrillation?
A) Asystole
B) Ventricular tachycardia
C) Atrial fibrillation
D) Atrial tachycardia
Answer: B
Ventricular tachycardia is an unstable, wide-complex rhythm that frequently deteriorates into ventricular fibrillation
if not treated promptly.
10. Your patient is bleeding from a forearm wound. The blood flows in a steady, dark-red stream. What type of
bleeding should you suspect?
A) Venous
B) Arterial
C) Capillary
D) Internal
Answer: A
Venous bleeding is characterized by a steady, dark-red flow; arterial bleeding is bright red and spurting, while
capillary bleeding oozes slowly.
11. How should you assess circulation in an infant?
A) Palpate the carotid pulse
B) Palpate the brachial pulse
C) Palpate the radial pulse
D) Observe capillary refill time only
Answer: B
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