BLS EXAM zm
Exam Solution zm
final exam questions 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPL
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ETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (528D1)
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QUESTION 1 zm
The optimal measurement of intravascular fluid status during the immediate fluid res
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uscitation phase of burn treatment is: zm zm zm zm zm
a. blood urea nitrogen.
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b. daily weight.
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c. hourly intake and urine output.
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d. serum potassium.
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ANSWER
ANS: C During initial fluid resuscitation, urine output helps guide fluid resuscitation needs. Measurin
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g hourly intake and output is most effective in determining the needs for additional fluid infusion th
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an is urine output alone. Blood urea nitrogen may be used to monitor volume status, but it is affect
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ed by the hypermetabolic state seen after burns, so it is not the optimal measure of intravascular fl
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uid status. Daily weight measures overall volume status, not just intravascular volume. Serum potass
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ium is released with tissue damage and thus is not the optimum measure of intravascular fluid statu
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s.
QUESTION 2 zm
In patients with extensive burns, edema occurs in both burned and unburned areas b
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ecause of: zm
a. catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction.
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b. decreased glomerular filtration.
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c. increased capillary permeability.
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d. loss of integument barrier.
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ANSWER
ANS: C Capillary permeability is altered in burns beyond the area of tissue damage, resulting in sign
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ificant shift of proteins, fluid, and electrolytes resulting in edema (third spacing). Catecholamine-
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induced vasoconstriction does not produce edema. Decreased glomerular filtration may cause fluid r
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etention, but it is not responsible for the extensive edema seen after burn injury. Loss of integumen
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t barrier does not cause edema.
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,QUESTION 3 zm
Tissue damage from burn injury activates an inflammatory response that increases th
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e patients risk for:
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a. acute kidney injury.
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b. acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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c. infection.
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d. stress ulcers.
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ANSWER
ANS: C The loss of skin as the primary barrier against microorganisms and activation of the inflamm
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atory response cascades results in immunosuppression, placing the patient at an increased risk of in
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fection. A systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) also increases the risk of acute kidney injury in th
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
e presence of poor tissue perfusion. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is also a potential complica
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tion, but the risk of infection is greater because of the loss of the skin barrier. Catecholamine releas
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e and gastrointestinal ischemia are the causes of stress ulcers.
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QUESTION 4 zm
The nurse is caring for a patient who has circumferential full-
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thickness burns of his forearm? A priority in the plan of care is :
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a. Keeping the extremity in a dependent position
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b. Active and passive range of motion every hour.
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c. Preparing for an escharotomy as a prophylactic measure
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d. Splinting the forearm
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ANSWER
ANS: B Special attention is given to circumferential (completely surrounding a body part) full thickn
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ess burns of the extremities. Pressure from bands of eschar or from edema that develops as resuscit
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ation proceeds may impair blood flow to underlying and distal tissue. Therefore, extremities are elev
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ated to reduce edema. Active or passive range-of-
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motion (ROM) exercises are performed every hour for 5 minutes to increase venous return and to
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minimize edema. Peripheral pulses are assessed every hour, especially in circumferential burns of th
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e extremities, to confirm adequate circulation. If signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome are
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
present on serial examination, preparation is made for an escharotomy to relieve pressure and to re
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store circulation. zm
QUESTION 5 zm
A patient admitted with severe burns to his face and hands is showing signs of extre
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me agitation. The nurse should explore the mechanism of burn injury possibly related
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to:
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a. excessive alcohol use.
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b. methamphetamine use.
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, c. posttraumatic stress disorder.
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d. subacute delirium.
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ANSWER
ANS: B A vague or inconsistent injury history, burns to the face and hands, and signs of agitation or
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substance withdrawal should alert the nurse to a potential methamphetamine-related injury.
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QUESTION 6 zm
The nurse is caring for patient who has been struck by lightning. Because of the natur
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e of the injury, the nurse assesses the patient for which of the following?
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a. Central nervous system deficits
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b. Contractures
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c. Infection
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d. Stress ulcers
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ANSWER
ANS: A Lightning injury frequently causes cardiopulmonary arrest. However, of those patients who s
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urvive, 70% will have transient central nervous system deficits. Contractures, infection, and stress ul
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cer risks are no greater than with other causes of burn injury.
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QUESTION 7 zm
A patient with a 60% burn in the acute phase of treatment develops a tense abdomen
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, decreasing urine output, hypercapnia, and hypoxemia. Based on this assessment, the
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
nurse anticipates interventions to evaluate and treat the patient for:
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a. acute kidney injury.
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b. acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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c. intraabdominal hypertension.
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d. disseminated intravascular coagulation disorder.
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ANSWER
ANS: C Intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) is a serious complication caused by circumferential torso
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burn injuries or edema from aggressive fluid resuscitation. Signs and symptoms of IAH include tense
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mabdomen, decreased urine output, and worsening pulmonary function. Acute kidney injury will not r
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esult from aggressive fluid resuscitation. Acute respiratory distress syndrome would present with sig
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ns of hypoxia and hypercarbia, but not a tense abdomen. Disseminated intravascular disorder may p
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resent as a tense abdomen if there is active bleeding, but it would not present with pulmonary sym
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ptoms.
QUESTION 8 zm
Silver is used as an ingredient in many burn dressings because it:
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a. stimulates tissue granulation.
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b. is effective against a wide spectrum of wound pathogens.
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Exam Solution zm
final exam questions 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPL
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (528D1)
zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 1 zm
The optimal measurement of intravascular fluid status during the immediate fluid res
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
uscitation phase of burn treatment is: zm zm zm zm zm
a. blood urea nitrogen.
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b. daily weight.
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c. hourly intake and urine output.
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d. serum potassium.
zm zm
ANSWER
ANS: C During initial fluid resuscitation, urine output helps guide fluid resuscitation needs. Measurin
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
g hourly intake and output is most effective in determining the needs for additional fluid infusion th
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
an is urine output alone. Blood urea nitrogen may be used to monitor volume status, but it is affect
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ed by the hypermetabolic state seen after burns, so it is not the optimal measure of intravascular fl
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
uid status. Daily weight measures overall volume status, not just intravascular volume. Serum potass
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ium is released with tissue damage and thus is not the optimum measure of intravascular fluid statu
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
s.
QUESTION 2 zm
In patients with extensive burns, edema occurs in both burned and unburned areas b
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ecause of: zm
a. catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction.
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b. decreased glomerular filtration.
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c. increased capillary permeability.
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d. loss of integument barrier.
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ANSWER
ANS: C Capillary permeability is altered in burns beyond the area of tissue damage, resulting in sign
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ificant shift of proteins, fluid, and electrolytes resulting in edema (third spacing). Catecholamine-
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
induced vasoconstriction does not produce edema. Decreased glomerular filtration may cause fluid r
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
etention, but it is not responsible for the extensive edema seen after burn injury. Loss of integumen
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t barrier does not cause edema.
zm zm zm zm zm
,QUESTION 3 zm
Tissue damage from burn injury activates an inflammatory response that increases th
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e patients risk for:
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a. acute kidney injury.
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b. acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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c. infection.
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d. stress ulcers.
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ANSWER
ANS: C The loss of skin as the primary barrier against microorganisms and activation of the inflamm
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
atory response cascades results in immunosuppression, placing the patient at an increased risk of in
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
fection. A systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) also increases the risk of acute kidney injury in th
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
e presence of poor tissue perfusion. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is also a potential complica
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tion, but the risk of infection is greater because of the loss of the skin barrier. Catecholamine releas
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e and gastrointestinal ischemia are the causes of stress ulcers.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 4 zm
The nurse is caring for a patient who has circumferential full-
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
thickness burns of his forearm? A priority in the plan of care is :
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
a. Keeping the extremity in a dependent position
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
b. Active and passive range of motion every hour.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
c. Preparing for an escharotomy as a prophylactic measure
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
d. Splinting the forearm
zm zm zm
ANSWER
ANS: B Special attention is given to circumferential (completely surrounding a body part) full thickn
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ess burns of the extremities. Pressure from bands of eschar or from edema that develops as resuscit
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ation proceeds may impair blood flow to underlying and distal tissue. Therefore, extremities are elev
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ated to reduce edema. Active or passive range-of-
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
motion (ROM) exercises are performed every hour for 5 minutes to increase venous return and to
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
minimize edema. Peripheral pulses are assessed every hour, especially in circumferential burns of th
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
e extremities, to confirm adequate circulation. If signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome are
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
present on serial examination, preparation is made for an escharotomy to relieve pressure and to re
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
store circulation. zm
QUESTION 5 zm
A patient admitted with severe burns to his face and hands is showing signs of extre
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me agitation. The nurse should explore the mechanism of burn injury possibly related
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to:
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a. excessive alcohol use.
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b. methamphetamine use.
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, c. posttraumatic stress disorder.
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d. subacute delirium.
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ANSWER
ANS: B A vague or inconsistent injury history, burns to the face and hands, and signs of agitation or
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substance withdrawal should alert the nurse to a potential methamphetamine-related injury.
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QUESTION 6 zm
The nurse is caring for patient who has been struck by lightning. Because of the natur
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e of the injury, the nurse assesses the patient for which of the following?
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a. Central nervous system deficits
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b. Contractures
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c. Infection
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d. Stress ulcers
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ANSWER
ANS: A Lightning injury frequently causes cardiopulmonary arrest. However, of those patients who s
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urvive, 70% will have transient central nervous system deficits. Contractures, infection, and stress ul
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cer risks are no greater than with other causes of burn injury.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 7 zm
A patient with a 60% burn in the acute phase of treatment develops a tense abdomen
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
, decreasing urine output, hypercapnia, and hypoxemia. Based on this assessment, the
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
nurse anticipates interventions to evaluate and treat the patient for:
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
a. acute kidney injury.
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b. acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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c. intraabdominal hypertension.
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d. disseminated intravascular coagulation disorder.
zm zm zm zm
ANSWER
ANS: C Intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) is a serious complication caused by circumferential torso
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
burn injuries or edema from aggressive fluid resuscitation. Signs and symptoms of IAH include tense
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm z
mabdomen, decreased urine output, and worsening pulmonary function. Acute kidney injury will not r
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
esult from aggressive fluid resuscitation. Acute respiratory distress syndrome would present with sig
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ns of hypoxia and hypercarbia, but not a tense abdomen. Disseminated intravascular disorder may p
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
resent as a tense abdomen if there is active bleeding, but it would not present with pulmonary sym
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
ptoms.
QUESTION 8 zm
Silver is used as an ingredient in many burn dressings because it:
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
a. stimulates tissue granulation.
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b. is effective against a wide spectrum of wound pathogens.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
