Review Questions and
Answers Updated 2026
A+
venousBcongestionB-
BAnswerBwhenBbloodBsettlesBinBtheBlegsBandBfeetBratherBthanBcirculatingBproperly
valveBissuesB-
BAnswerBareBtheBcauseBofBvenousBinsufficiencyBdisorderBandBaBpathologyBisBinvolved
chronicBvenousBinsufficiencyB(CVI)B-
BAnswerBlegBveinBvalvesBwearingBoutBandBbecomingB"floppy"—
theyBdon'tBcloseBtightlyBduringBdiastole,BallowingBbackflowBintoBdistalBveinsBofBlegsB
&BfeetB(venousBcongestion)
venousBstasisB-BAnswerBpoolBofBnon-movingBbloodBinBtheBveins
venousBstasisBulcersB-
BAnswerBtheBareaBbecomesBsoBengorgedBwithBedemaBthatBtheBskinBcellsBcannotBfun
ctionBproperlyB&BtheBtissueBeasilyBbreaksBdownB(especiallyBoverBbonyBprominencesBs
uchBasBheels,Bankles,Bcoccyx)
deepBveinBthrombosisB-
BAnswerBaBclotBinBtheBwallBofBaBvein,BusuallyBinBdeepBveinsBinBthighsBandBcalves
thrombophlebitisB-BAnswerBtheBveinBandBentireBareaBaroundBveinBcanBbecome
inflamedB&Bswollen
, DVTBS&SB-BAnswerBSHEP,BlikelyBunilateral,BcanBbeBextremeBorBcanBhaveBnoBS&S
Virchow'sBtriadB-BAnswerBISHB-
BinjuryBtoBendotheliumBofBvein,BstasisBofBbloodBflow,BhypercoagulabilityBstatesB(ex,Bd
ehydrationBorBindividualBcoagulopathy)
howBdoesBdehydrationBcauseBhypercoagulabilityB-
BAnswerBdehydrationBmeansBlessBwaterB=BhigherBconcentrationB=BeasierBforBplatelets
BtoBfindBeachBotherBandBclot
normalBbpB-BAnswerB<120/80BbutBaboveB90/60
preferredBbpB-BAnswerB110/60-115/70
arteriosclerosisB-BAnswerBarteriesBgetBstiffBdueBtoBcollagenBdepositsBandBdamage
atherosclerosisB-BAnswerBstiffBarteriesBgetBfatBdeposits
commonalitiesBofBarterialBdiseaseBthroughoutBtheBbodyB-
BAnswerBbadBvasomotorBtoneBandBnon-patentBlumen
S&SBofBdecreasedBperfusionBandBischemiaB(periphery)B-
BAnswerBpulseBrefillBskinBhealingB(bad)
strokeB-BAnswerBbrainBdoesn'tBgetBenoughBo2BandBthere'sBtissueBdamage
risksBofBarterialBdiseaseB-
BAnswerBfamilyBhistory,Baging,Bdiet/exercise/lifestyle,BalcoholBconsumption,BTypeBIIBdia
betes,Bsmoking