NKU MSN 611 FINAL 100 QUESTIONS
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE PACKAGE
GRADED A+
⩥ A 50-year-old woman presents to the clinic with new-onset bowel
symptoms. She is straining to have a bowel motion and describes her
stools as hard and pellet-like. She had a hip fracture repair 2-weeks ago
and is on oral morphine for pain control. She is a 10-pack-year smoker
and consumes alcohol occasionally. She is afebrile, and her vitals are
stable. The abdominal exam is unremarkable. Of the following, what is
the mechanism of action of the medication that could have avoided this
patient's problem?
Answer: Decreases the surface tension of the stool-water interface and
facilitates stool passage
⩥ A 17-year-old boy with a heart rate of 110 bpm and blood pressure of
100/60 mm Hg requires emergency surgery after he is diagnosed with
appendicitis. The clinician uses an agent for induction for his
appendectomy, which is often used in patients with asthma. Which of the
following side effects of this particular agent may require prophylactic
treatment?
Answer: Nausea and vomiting
,⩥ A 58-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with
confusion and slow breathing. His wife found him on the floor and was
unable to arouse him. His wife says he has been unable to get any relief
lately and thinks he may be using more medication than prescribed. He
has had terminal colon cancer for two years and was about to enter
palliative care. He is currently taking transdermal fentanyl patches,
opioids, and an oxygen tank. His blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, and
his respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min. He has pinpoint pupils and is
difficult to arouse. What is the mechanism of the drug that should be
administered first?
Answer: Antagonizes opioid effects by competing for the µ opiate
receptor sites
⩥ A 50-year-old man presents to the clinic with epigastric pain that
began four months ago. He has a history of obesity, drinks three beers
per night and has a 30-pack-year smoking history, and currently smokes
one pack per day. His vital signs are blood pressure 120/70 mmHg, heart
rate 75/min, and temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F). The physical exam is
non-contributory. Inhibition of which of the following mediators will
most likely resolve the patient's chief complaint?
Answer: Histamine
⩥ A 21-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after a
motor vehicle collision in which he was the restrained driver. He has a
past medical history of type 1 diabetes, is well-controlled with insulin,
has no surgical history, and does not drink alcohol or use recreational
drugs. His physical exam reveals an average build, facial abrasions, and
ecchymosis on his chest and abdomen in the shape of his seat belt. CT
,scan reveals a left orbital blowout fracture. He is in a coma and does not
respond to stimuli. Famotidine is started to reduce the possibility of
developing which of the following?
Answer: Stress-induced ulcer
⩥ A 42-year-old male comes into the emergency department after being
struck as a pedestrian by a truck at 30 mph. When he arrived at the
hospital, his Glasgow Coma Scale was 6, and he had significant facial
trauma. Additionally, he had a positive FAST exam, and emergent
surgery was indicated. Before being transferred to the operating room,
the emergency department physician attempted rapid sequence
intubation with rocuronium as the paralytic agent. Unfortunately, due to
the extensive facial trauma, intubation was unsuccessful. What
pharmacological agent should be used in this scenario due to the
difficulties in intubation?
Answer: Sugammadex
⩥ A 55-year-old woman with a past medical history of type 1 diabetes
mellitus presents with nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days. She also
reports feeling dizzy when she gets up quickly from a seated position.
Her blood pressure is 125/85 mmHg, and her heart rate is 102 bpm. The
provider writes the patient a prescription for metoclopramide. Which of
the following is the most appropriate side effect to focus on during
patient education about this drug?
Answer: Dystonia
, ⩥ A 68-year-old man is undergoing treatment in an inpatient palliative
care setting. Since yesterday, he has been complaining of nausea and
vomiting related to chemotherapy treatment. Which of the following
medications is most likely to be effective for the patient's symptoms?
Answer: Ondansetron
⩥ A 60-year-old patient is admitted with pain and stiffness in the right
calf described as 7/10, crampy, and non-radiating. History is significant
for epilepsy treated with phenobarbital. Vital signs are blood pressure
130/85mmHg, temperature 98.7 F (37 C), heart rate 70 bpm, and
respiratory rate 18 breaths/min. Physical examination findings include
calf pain with dorsiflexion of the right foot, swelling, erythema, and
tenderness of the right calf. Doppler ultrasound shows a clot in the right
calf. During the patient's hospital stay, INR is consistently 1.0. Which
drug is impacted by phenobarbital's hepatic enzyme induction and would
have to be increased or decreased to maintain a therapeutic level?
Answer: Warfarin, Increased
⩥ A researcher is working on a new medication that has shown efficacy
in acute asthma exacerbations. It reverses bronchoconstriction by
inhibiting cholinergic receptors and can be administered intranasally.
This drug is similar in its effects to which of the following?
Answer: Atropine
⩥ A patient is taking ethynyl estradiol and is to begin taking phenytoin
for a seizure disorder. What change, if any, should be anticipated in this
patient's ethynyl estradiol dose?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE PACKAGE
GRADED A+
⩥ A 50-year-old woman presents to the clinic with new-onset bowel
symptoms. She is straining to have a bowel motion and describes her
stools as hard and pellet-like. She had a hip fracture repair 2-weeks ago
and is on oral morphine for pain control. She is a 10-pack-year smoker
and consumes alcohol occasionally. She is afebrile, and her vitals are
stable. The abdominal exam is unremarkable. Of the following, what is
the mechanism of action of the medication that could have avoided this
patient's problem?
Answer: Decreases the surface tension of the stool-water interface and
facilitates stool passage
⩥ A 17-year-old boy with a heart rate of 110 bpm and blood pressure of
100/60 mm Hg requires emergency surgery after he is diagnosed with
appendicitis. The clinician uses an agent for induction for his
appendectomy, which is often used in patients with asthma. Which of the
following side effects of this particular agent may require prophylactic
treatment?
Answer: Nausea and vomiting
,⩥ A 58-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with
confusion and slow breathing. His wife found him on the floor and was
unable to arouse him. His wife says he has been unable to get any relief
lately and thinks he may be using more medication than prescribed. He
has had terminal colon cancer for two years and was about to enter
palliative care. He is currently taking transdermal fentanyl patches,
opioids, and an oxygen tank. His blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, and
his respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min. He has pinpoint pupils and is
difficult to arouse. What is the mechanism of the drug that should be
administered first?
Answer: Antagonizes opioid effects by competing for the µ opiate
receptor sites
⩥ A 50-year-old man presents to the clinic with epigastric pain that
began four months ago. He has a history of obesity, drinks three beers
per night and has a 30-pack-year smoking history, and currently smokes
one pack per day. His vital signs are blood pressure 120/70 mmHg, heart
rate 75/min, and temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F). The physical exam is
non-contributory. Inhibition of which of the following mediators will
most likely resolve the patient's chief complaint?
Answer: Histamine
⩥ A 21-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after a
motor vehicle collision in which he was the restrained driver. He has a
past medical history of type 1 diabetes, is well-controlled with insulin,
has no surgical history, and does not drink alcohol or use recreational
drugs. His physical exam reveals an average build, facial abrasions, and
ecchymosis on his chest and abdomen in the shape of his seat belt. CT
,scan reveals a left orbital blowout fracture. He is in a coma and does not
respond to stimuli. Famotidine is started to reduce the possibility of
developing which of the following?
Answer: Stress-induced ulcer
⩥ A 42-year-old male comes into the emergency department after being
struck as a pedestrian by a truck at 30 mph. When he arrived at the
hospital, his Glasgow Coma Scale was 6, and he had significant facial
trauma. Additionally, he had a positive FAST exam, and emergent
surgery was indicated. Before being transferred to the operating room,
the emergency department physician attempted rapid sequence
intubation with rocuronium as the paralytic agent. Unfortunately, due to
the extensive facial trauma, intubation was unsuccessful. What
pharmacological agent should be used in this scenario due to the
difficulties in intubation?
Answer: Sugammadex
⩥ A 55-year-old woman with a past medical history of type 1 diabetes
mellitus presents with nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days. She also
reports feeling dizzy when she gets up quickly from a seated position.
Her blood pressure is 125/85 mmHg, and her heart rate is 102 bpm. The
provider writes the patient a prescription for metoclopramide. Which of
the following is the most appropriate side effect to focus on during
patient education about this drug?
Answer: Dystonia
, ⩥ A 68-year-old man is undergoing treatment in an inpatient palliative
care setting. Since yesterday, he has been complaining of nausea and
vomiting related to chemotherapy treatment. Which of the following
medications is most likely to be effective for the patient's symptoms?
Answer: Ondansetron
⩥ A 60-year-old patient is admitted with pain and stiffness in the right
calf described as 7/10, crampy, and non-radiating. History is significant
for epilepsy treated with phenobarbital. Vital signs are blood pressure
130/85mmHg, temperature 98.7 F (37 C), heart rate 70 bpm, and
respiratory rate 18 breaths/min. Physical examination findings include
calf pain with dorsiflexion of the right foot, swelling, erythema, and
tenderness of the right calf. Doppler ultrasound shows a clot in the right
calf. During the patient's hospital stay, INR is consistently 1.0. Which
drug is impacted by phenobarbital's hepatic enzyme induction and would
have to be increased or decreased to maintain a therapeutic level?
Answer: Warfarin, Increased
⩥ A researcher is working on a new medication that has shown efficacy
in acute asthma exacerbations. It reverses bronchoconstriction by
inhibiting cholinergic receptors and can be administered intranasally.
This drug is similar in its effects to which of the following?
Answer: Atropine
⩥ A patient is taking ethynyl estradiol and is to begin taking phenytoin
for a seizure disorder. What change, if any, should be anticipated in this
patient's ethynyl estradiol dose?
