Oral Communication
Communication- refers to the process of sharing information, ideas,
thoughts, feelings, and messages between individuals or groups through
various methods and channels. It involves both sending and receiving
information, with the aim of conveying meaning and understanding.
Communication process
• Sender: The person who initiates the message.
• Message: The information being conveyed.
• Medium: The channel through which the message is sent
(verbal, written, non-verbal, etc.).
• Receiver: The person who receives and interprets the message.
• Feedback: The response or reaction from the receiver.
5 Models of communication
Linear model- also known as the Transmission Model, is a simplified
representation of how communication works. It was first introduced by
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949 as a way to conceptualize
the process of transmitting information from a sender to a receiver.
~Lasswell’s Model- often appreciated for its simplicity and its ability to
distill the communication process into these fundamental questions.
However, it's also criticized for being overly linear and not accounting for the
complexities of context, feedback, and the interactive nature of
communication.
~ Shannon and Weaver Model - also known as the Information Theory
Model, was developed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949. It
focuses on the technical aspects of communication, particularly in the
context of transmitting signals through a noisy channel.
Interactive Model- It recognizes that communication is not a linear process but
rather a dynamic interaction between participants. It highlights the complexity of
understanding and interpreting messages within the context of individual
experiences and feedback loops. This model is often used to explain interpersonal
communication and is particularly relevant in conversations, discussions, and group
interactions.
Transactional Model- communication is a complex and dynamic model that
emphasizes the simultaneous and interactive nature of communication. It was
, developed by Barnlund in 1970 and later expanded upon by other communication
scholars. In this model, communication is seen as a back-and-forth exchange where
both the sender and the receiver play active roles in constructing meaning.
Gatekeeper Model- In the context of communication and media, a
"gatekeeper" refers to an individual, group, or entity that controls the flow of
information, news, or content from its source to the public. Gatekeepers play a
significant role in shaping what information reaches the audience and how it is
presented. This concept is particularly relevant in journalism, publishing,
broadcasting, and online media platforms.
Ecological Model- offers a more comprehensive framework for understanding how
communication operates within intricate webs of context and culture. It helps
explain why individuals from different cultural backgrounds may interpret and
respond to messages in diverse ways, and it highlights the significance of context in
shaping communication dynamics.
Lesson 2 – Listening Doorway to Indepth Interaction
Hearing- a passive process of perceiving sound through ears
- A physiological ability= most people possess naturally
- Doesn’t necessarily require focused attention or comprehension
Listening - an active and intentional process
- Involves not only hearing the sounds but also paying attention,
Interpreting, and understanding the message
“ 5 stages of listening”
Receiving- the initial stage of the listening process
- Involves the passive act of perceiving sound waves through ears.
Understanding- interpret the words, phrases, and context of the message to grasp
the intended message.
Evaluating- critically assess the information you’ve understood
- Analyze the message, consider its relevance, and form judgements or opinions about it.
Responding- after you’ve comprehended and evaluated the information
- Where you provide feedback, ask questions, express agreement or disagreement, or share
your thoughts with the speaker
Remembering- final stage
- Storing the information you’ve process in your memory
Communication- refers to the process of sharing information, ideas,
thoughts, feelings, and messages between individuals or groups through
various methods and channels. It involves both sending and receiving
information, with the aim of conveying meaning and understanding.
Communication process
• Sender: The person who initiates the message.
• Message: The information being conveyed.
• Medium: The channel through which the message is sent
(verbal, written, non-verbal, etc.).
• Receiver: The person who receives and interprets the message.
• Feedback: The response or reaction from the receiver.
5 Models of communication
Linear model- also known as the Transmission Model, is a simplified
representation of how communication works. It was first introduced by
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949 as a way to conceptualize
the process of transmitting information from a sender to a receiver.
~Lasswell’s Model- often appreciated for its simplicity and its ability to
distill the communication process into these fundamental questions.
However, it's also criticized for being overly linear and not accounting for the
complexities of context, feedback, and the interactive nature of
communication.
~ Shannon and Weaver Model - also known as the Information Theory
Model, was developed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949. It
focuses on the technical aspects of communication, particularly in the
context of transmitting signals through a noisy channel.
Interactive Model- It recognizes that communication is not a linear process but
rather a dynamic interaction between participants. It highlights the complexity of
understanding and interpreting messages within the context of individual
experiences and feedback loops. This model is often used to explain interpersonal
communication and is particularly relevant in conversations, discussions, and group
interactions.
Transactional Model- communication is a complex and dynamic model that
emphasizes the simultaneous and interactive nature of communication. It was
, developed by Barnlund in 1970 and later expanded upon by other communication
scholars. In this model, communication is seen as a back-and-forth exchange where
both the sender and the receiver play active roles in constructing meaning.
Gatekeeper Model- In the context of communication and media, a
"gatekeeper" refers to an individual, group, or entity that controls the flow of
information, news, or content from its source to the public. Gatekeepers play a
significant role in shaping what information reaches the audience and how it is
presented. This concept is particularly relevant in journalism, publishing,
broadcasting, and online media platforms.
Ecological Model- offers a more comprehensive framework for understanding how
communication operates within intricate webs of context and culture. It helps
explain why individuals from different cultural backgrounds may interpret and
respond to messages in diverse ways, and it highlights the significance of context in
shaping communication dynamics.
Lesson 2 – Listening Doorway to Indepth Interaction
Hearing- a passive process of perceiving sound through ears
- A physiological ability= most people possess naturally
- Doesn’t necessarily require focused attention or comprehension
Listening - an active and intentional process
- Involves not only hearing the sounds but also paying attention,
Interpreting, and understanding the message
“ 5 stages of listening”
Receiving- the initial stage of the listening process
- Involves the passive act of perceiving sound waves through ears.
Understanding- interpret the words, phrases, and context of the message to grasp
the intended message.
Evaluating- critically assess the information you’ve understood
- Analyze the message, consider its relevance, and form judgements or opinions about it.
Responding- after you’ve comprehended and evaluated the information
- Where you provide feedback, ask questions, express agreement or disagreement, or share
your thoughts with the speaker
Remembering- final stage
- Storing the information you’ve process in your memory
