WGU D469 Performance Assessment – Practice
Questions & Answers –A+
1. Which Lean principle focuses on eliminating waste while maximizing customer
value?
A. Benchmarking
B. Kaizen
C. Lean Thinking
D. Root Cause Analysis
Answer: C. Lean Thinking
Rationale: Lean Thinking focuses on delivering maximum value to the customer while
systematically eliminating waste (muda) from processes. The goal is to improve efficiency,
reduce costs, and enhance quality outcomes.
2. In the DMAIC process, which phase involves identifying the root causes of
defects?
A. Define
B. Measure
C. Analyze
D. Improve
Answer: C. Analyze
Rationale: The Analyze phase of DMAIC examines collected data to determine the root causes of
defects or inefficiencies. Statistical analysis and process mapping are commonly used during this
phase.
3. A hospital introduces barcode scanning for medication administration to
reduce patient medication errors. This is an example of:
A. Reactive management
B. Continuous improvement
C. Benchmarking
D. Outsourcing
Answer: B. Continuous improvement
,Rationale: Continuous improvement involves implementing ongoing changes to improve quality,
safety, and efficiency. Barcode medication systems help reduce preventable errors and improve
patient safety outcomes.
4. What does the “C” in PDCA stand for?
A. Create
B. Correct
C. Check
D. Continue
Answer: C. Check
Rationale: PDCA stands for Plan-Do-Check-Act. The Check phase evaluates whether the
implemented change produced the desired results before standardizing or adjusting the process.
5. Which of the following is considered one of the eight wastes in Lean?
A. Innovation
B. Waiting
C. Collaboration
D. Automation
Answer: B. Waiting
Rationale: Waiting is one of the eight wastes because delays between process steps reduce
efficiency and add no value to the customer or patient.
6. A control chart is primarily used to:
A. Train employees
B. Measure employee satisfaction
C. Monitor process variation over time
D. Develop budgets
Answer: C. Monitor process variation over time
Rationale: Control charts help organizations monitor whether a process remains stable and
within acceptable variation limits over time.
,7. Which quality expert is most associated with the 14 Points for Management?
A. Crosby
B. Juran
C. Deming
D. Ishikawa
Answer: C. Deming
Rationale: W. Edwards Deming developed the famous 14 Points for Management, emphasizing
leadership, quality improvement, and system thinking.
8. Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is used to:
A. Punish employees
B. Identify underlying causes of problems
C. Increase staffing
D. Develop financial reports
Answer: B. Identify underlying causes of problems
Rationale: RCA aims to determine the underlying factors contributing to an issue so
organizations can prevent recurrence rather than simply treating symptoms.
9. Which tool visually displays possible causes of a problem?
A. Histogram
B. Scatterplot
C. Fishbone Diagram
D. Flowchart
Answer: C. Fishbone Diagram
Rationale: A Fishbone Diagram, also called an Ishikawa Diagram, organizes possible causes
into categories to support root cause analysis.
10. Six Sigma primarily aims to:
, A. Increase advertising
B. Reduce process variation and defects
C. Eliminate leadership structures
D. Increase employee turnover
Answer: B. Reduce process variation and defects
Rationale: Six Sigma focuses on reducing variation and defects to improve consistency, quality,
and customer satisfaction.
11. Which KPI is considered a lagging indicator?
A. Employee training completion
B. Safety inspection participation
C. Annual revenue
D. Preventive maintenance schedules
Answer: C. Annual revenue
Rationale: Lagging indicators measure past performance outcomes after activities have already
occurred.
12. Kaizen refers to:
A. Financial accounting
B. Large-scale restructuring
C. Continuous incremental improvement
D. Outsourcing operations
Answer: C. Continuous incremental improvement
Rationale: Kaizen is a Lean philosophy emphasizing small, continuous improvements involving
all employees.
13. Which process improvement method combines Lean and statistical analysis?
A. SWOT Analysis
B. Lean Six Sigma
C. Balanced Scorecard
D. Benchmarking
Questions & Answers –A+
1. Which Lean principle focuses on eliminating waste while maximizing customer
value?
A. Benchmarking
B. Kaizen
C. Lean Thinking
D. Root Cause Analysis
Answer: C. Lean Thinking
Rationale: Lean Thinking focuses on delivering maximum value to the customer while
systematically eliminating waste (muda) from processes. The goal is to improve efficiency,
reduce costs, and enhance quality outcomes.
2. In the DMAIC process, which phase involves identifying the root causes of
defects?
A. Define
B. Measure
C. Analyze
D. Improve
Answer: C. Analyze
Rationale: The Analyze phase of DMAIC examines collected data to determine the root causes of
defects or inefficiencies. Statistical analysis and process mapping are commonly used during this
phase.
3. A hospital introduces barcode scanning for medication administration to
reduce patient medication errors. This is an example of:
A. Reactive management
B. Continuous improvement
C. Benchmarking
D. Outsourcing
Answer: B. Continuous improvement
,Rationale: Continuous improvement involves implementing ongoing changes to improve quality,
safety, and efficiency. Barcode medication systems help reduce preventable errors and improve
patient safety outcomes.
4. What does the “C” in PDCA stand for?
A. Create
B. Correct
C. Check
D. Continue
Answer: C. Check
Rationale: PDCA stands for Plan-Do-Check-Act. The Check phase evaluates whether the
implemented change produced the desired results before standardizing or adjusting the process.
5. Which of the following is considered one of the eight wastes in Lean?
A. Innovation
B. Waiting
C. Collaboration
D. Automation
Answer: B. Waiting
Rationale: Waiting is one of the eight wastes because delays between process steps reduce
efficiency and add no value to the customer or patient.
6. A control chart is primarily used to:
A. Train employees
B. Measure employee satisfaction
C. Monitor process variation over time
D. Develop budgets
Answer: C. Monitor process variation over time
Rationale: Control charts help organizations monitor whether a process remains stable and
within acceptable variation limits over time.
,7. Which quality expert is most associated with the 14 Points for Management?
A. Crosby
B. Juran
C. Deming
D. Ishikawa
Answer: C. Deming
Rationale: W. Edwards Deming developed the famous 14 Points for Management, emphasizing
leadership, quality improvement, and system thinking.
8. Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is used to:
A. Punish employees
B. Identify underlying causes of problems
C. Increase staffing
D. Develop financial reports
Answer: B. Identify underlying causes of problems
Rationale: RCA aims to determine the underlying factors contributing to an issue so
organizations can prevent recurrence rather than simply treating symptoms.
9. Which tool visually displays possible causes of a problem?
A. Histogram
B. Scatterplot
C. Fishbone Diagram
D. Flowchart
Answer: C. Fishbone Diagram
Rationale: A Fishbone Diagram, also called an Ishikawa Diagram, organizes possible causes
into categories to support root cause analysis.
10. Six Sigma primarily aims to:
, A. Increase advertising
B. Reduce process variation and defects
C. Eliminate leadership structures
D. Increase employee turnover
Answer: B. Reduce process variation and defects
Rationale: Six Sigma focuses on reducing variation and defects to improve consistency, quality,
and customer satisfaction.
11. Which KPI is considered a lagging indicator?
A. Employee training completion
B. Safety inspection participation
C. Annual revenue
D. Preventive maintenance schedules
Answer: C. Annual revenue
Rationale: Lagging indicators measure past performance outcomes after activities have already
occurred.
12. Kaizen refers to:
A. Financial accounting
B. Large-scale restructuring
C. Continuous incremental improvement
D. Outsourcing operations
Answer: C. Continuous incremental improvement
Rationale: Kaizen is a Lean philosophy emphasizing small, continuous improvements involving
all employees.
13. Which process improvement method combines Lean and statistical analysis?
A. SWOT Analysis
B. Lean Six Sigma
C. Balanced Scorecard
D. Benchmarking
