PSYC 3650 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Elements of the disease model - Answers - Addiction is a progressive, chronic disease.
Addiction entails a "loss of control" over substance use.
Part of the disease is a denial of the effects substance use is having on one's life.
The disease can not be cured. It can be managed by abstaining from substance use.
Evidence that supports the disease model - Answers - Those with a family history of
addiction are more likely to develop addiction.
Some studies have found that identical twins are more likely to be concordant for
alcoholism than fraternal twins.
Various physiological processes (e.g., Reward Deficiency Syndrome) suggest that
some individuals carry an underlying vulnerability to develop a range of compulsive and
addictive disorders.
Evidence that contradicts the disease model - Answers - Remission from suds without
treatment is common and impacted by non-pharmacological factors (e.g., accessibility)
There is strong evidence to suggest the people with alcohol use disorder ("alcoholics")
can become moderate drinkers.
Common Treatment Goals - Substance Use Disorders - Answers - Prevention of
Initiation of Drug or Alcohol Use
Prevention of Progression from Use to Disorder
Increase Motivation to Change Substance Use Behaviors
Abstinence or Reduction of Drug or Alcohol Use
Reduction of Related Consequences
Increase Functioning in other areas of life
Relapse Prevention
Motivation to Change - Stages of Change - Answers - Precontemplation
Contemplation
,Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
Precontemplation - Answers - Little or no awareness of problem
Contemplation - Answers - Considering problem but ambivalent about change
Preparation - Answers - Beginning to make initial changes
Action - Answers - Taking active steps towards change
Maintenance - Answers - Trying to maintain behavioral changes
Relapse - Answers - return to problem behavior
University of Rhode Island Change Assessment - Answers - 1. As far as I'm concerned,
I don't have any problems that need changing.
2. I think I might be ready for some self-improvement.
3. I am doing something about the problems that had been bothering me.
4. It might be worthwhile to work on my problem.
5. I'm not the problem one. It doesn't make much sense for me to be here.
(URICA consists of 30 items)
Motivational interviewing (MI) - Answers - A goal-oriented, client-centered counseling
style for eliciting behavior change by helping patients to explore and resolve
ambivalence.
Having more effective conversations about changing substance use
The righting reflex - Answers - The desire to fix what seems wrong with people and to
set them promptly on a better course.
What could possibly be wrong with that?
, Ambivilance - Answers - Simultaneously wanting and not wanting something, or wanting
both of two incompatible things
Change talk and sustain talk
Getting stuck in ambivalence
-Think about changing... Think about not changing... Stop thinking about it
Key principles of MI - Answers - Express (sincere) empathy
Develop discrepancy
Roll with resistance
Support Self-efficacy
Apodaca & Longabough, 2009 - Answers - Motivational Interviewing
-Change Talk
-Discrepancy
--Both have positive impact on SUD outcomes
Relapse Prevention Strategies - Answers - Examine previous episodes for high risk
situations and teach new coping skills
Enhance self-efficacy
Retrain thinking about lapse and relapse to help combat abstinence violation effect
Teach lapse management by creating lapse-response plan
Kiluk, 2010 - Answers - Cognitive Behavioral Interventions
- Quality verses quantity of coping skills
- Self-efficacy
Contingency Management - Answers - A behavioral approach to reinforce abstinence
from substance use
The goal is to provide patients with a period of abstinence
Based on principles of operant conditioning - - Positive reinforcers increase probability
of behavior
--Raises/awards, allowances/privileges, treats/food
- Punishers decrease probably of behavior ----- Poor evals/demotions,
detention/grounding
Based on principle that behavior will increase if followed by a reward
Positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment for lasting behavior change
- Behavior to increase when reward is immediate, tangible, consistent, and unique to
the target behavior
Elements of the disease model - Answers - Addiction is a progressive, chronic disease.
Addiction entails a "loss of control" over substance use.
Part of the disease is a denial of the effects substance use is having on one's life.
The disease can not be cured. It can be managed by abstaining from substance use.
Evidence that supports the disease model - Answers - Those with a family history of
addiction are more likely to develop addiction.
Some studies have found that identical twins are more likely to be concordant for
alcoholism than fraternal twins.
Various physiological processes (e.g., Reward Deficiency Syndrome) suggest that
some individuals carry an underlying vulnerability to develop a range of compulsive and
addictive disorders.
Evidence that contradicts the disease model - Answers - Remission from suds without
treatment is common and impacted by non-pharmacological factors (e.g., accessibility)
There is strong evidence to suggest the people with alcohol use disorder ("alcoholics")
can become moderate drinkers.
Common Treatment Goals - Substance Use Disorders - Answers - Prevention of
Initiation of Drug or Alcohol Use
Prevention of Progression from Use to Disorder
Increase Motivation to Change Substance Use Behaviors
Abstinence or Reduction of Drug or Alcohol Use
Reduction of Related Consequences
Increase Functioning in other areas of life
Relapse Prevention
Motivation to Change - Stages of Change - Answers - Precontemplation
Contemplation
,Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
Precontemplation - Answers - Little or no awareness of problem
Contemplation - Answers - Considering problem but ambivalent about change
Preparation - Answers - Beginning to make initial changes
Action - Answers - Taking active steps towards change
Maintenance - Answers - Trying to maintain behavioral changes
Relapse - Answers - return to problem behavior
University of Rhode Island Change Assessment - Answers - 1. As far as I'm concerned,
I don't have any problems that need changing.
2. I think I might be ready for some self-improvement.
3. I am doing something about the problems that had been bothering me.
4. It might be worthwhile to work on my problem.
5. I'm not the problem one. It doesn't make much sense for me to be here.
(URICA consists of 30 items)
Motivational interviewing (MI) - Answers - A goal-oriented, client-centered counseling
style for eliciting behavior change by helping patients to explore and resolve
ambivalence.
Having more effective conversations about changing substance use
The righting reflex - Answers - The desire to fix what seems wrong with people and to
set them promptly on a better course.
What could possibly be wrong with that?
, Ambivilance - Answers - Simultaneously wanting and not wanting something, or wanting
both of two incompatible things
Change talk and sustain talk
Getting stuck in ambivalence
-Think about changing... Think about not changing... Stop thinking about it
Key principles of MI - Answers - Express (sincere) empathy
Develop discrepancy
Roll with resistance
Support Self-efficacy
Apodaca & Longabough, 2009 - Answers - Motivational Interviewing
-Change Talk
-Discrepancy
--Both have positive impact on SUD outcomes
Relapse Prevention Strategies - Answers - Examine previous episodes for high risk
situations and teach new coping skills
Enhance self-efficacy
Retrain thinking about lapse and relapse to help combat abstinence violation effect
Teach lapse management by creating lapse-response plan
Kiluk, 2010 - Answers - Cognitive Behavioral Interventions
- Quality verses quantity of coping skills
- Self-efficacy
Contingency Management - Answers - A behavioral approach to reinforce abstinence
from substance use
The goal is to provide patients with a period of abstinence
Based on principles of operant conditioning - - Positive reinforcers increase probability
of behavior
--Raises/awards, allowances/privileges, treats/food
- Punishers decrease probably of behavior ----- Poor evals/demotions,
detention/grounding
Based on principle that behavior will increase if followed by a reward
Positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment for lasting behavior change
- Behavior to increase when reward is immediate, tangible, consistent, and unique to
the target behavior
