PSYC 3650 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What should you cite? - answers - anything that provides you information. For example:
- a textbook with definition
- all articles discussed in your literature review (i.e., all sources that inform your study)
- citations for all measures used
Think about your citations - answers - if you refer to any outside work, you must cite it
When citing a source - answers - include the author's/authors' last name(s) in the order
listed in the source - the order is intentional (i.e., the first author typically does the most
work whereas the last author does the least)
Citations in parentheses - answers - for example, event centrality continues to
significantly predict ptss when controlling for depression (berntsen & rubin, 2006; brown
et al., 2010; vermeulen, brown, raes, & krans, 2019) and anxiety and dissociation
(berntsen & rubin, 2006).
Citations incorporated in a sentence - answers - van wyk and colleagues (2016)
suggest that individuals with ptsd may sleep less to avoid trauma-influenced
nightmares, which can lead to increases in cognitive activity and physiological reactions,
subsequently resulting in poorer sleep.
Direct quote - answers - sears (1986) argues that college students make up a 'narrow
base' and tend to "...have incompletely formed senses of self, rather uncrystallized
sociopolitical attitudes, unusually strong cognitive skills, strong needs for peer approval,
tendencies to be compliant to authority, quite unstable group relationships, little material
self-interest in public affairs, and unusual egocentricity" (p. 527).
Plagiarism - answers - if you do not give someone credit for their
Title page - answers - title (in center of page) authors' names & affiliations (below title)
running head (in all caps, left aligned) page number (top right corner)
Abstract - answers - a summary of an article that appears at the beginning of the article
and in searchable databases of journal articles
-starts on a new page immediately after your title page
- includes a brief summary of all parts(into, methods, results, discussion)
-often limited (200 words) so you must aim for parsimony
Introduction - answers - - starts on a new page after the abstract (p. 3)
- first line is your title again (centered, not bolded)
, - what might be included in the introduction:
- general topic
- existing research on that topic
- how you might improve upon existing research
- your [empirically-supported] hypotheses
- start general & get more specific
- by the end of the introduction, a reader should have enough information to know what
prior research has been done on the topic, why the research needs to be done, and
how your study improves upon previous research
- your intro should provide enough detail so that a reader could guess your hypotheses
before they read them
Method - answers - - begins immediately after introduction, on the same page
- "method" should be centered & bolded on its own line
- include as much information as necessary for someone to replicate the study
- might include:
- measures used
- order of procedure ** -- think about why order might be important
- four subsections (not always all included or separated):
- participants
- design
- materials / apparatus
- procedure
- [sometimes] data analysis
Method participants - answers - who is in your sample?
how many people participated?
how did you collect that sample?
were participants compensated?
what is the demographic breakdown of your sample? *** important - think about
external validity
*required by apa
Method design - answers - design: describe what you did
what variables are you examining?
how are you measuring those variables?
how are you manipulating your iv?
does your iv have levels?
* not required by apa
Method materials - answers - materials / apparatus: describe what you used to measure
/ manipulate your variables
describe all measures / apparatuses used
describe what you did with each of your measures
Method procedure - answers - procedure: how exactly did this study go?
ANSWERS
What should you cite? - answers - anything that provides you information. For example:
- a textbook with definition
- all articles discussed in your literature review (i.e., all sources that inform your study)
- citations for all measures used
Think about your citations - answers - if you refer to any outside work, you must cite it
When citing a source - answers - include the author's/authors' last name(s) in the order
listed in the source - the order is intentional (i.e., the first author typically does the most
work whereas the last author does the least)
Citations in parentheses - answers - for example, event centrality continues to
significantly predict ptss when controlling for depression (berntsen & rubin, 2006; brown
et al., 2010; vermeulen, brown, raes, & krans, 2019) and anxiety and dissociation
(berntsen & rubin, 2006).
Citations incorporated in a sentence - answers - van wyk and colleagues (2016)
suggest that individuals with ptsd may sleep less to avoid trauma-influenced
nightmares, which can lead to increases in cognitive activity and physiological reactions,
subsequently resulting in poorer sleep.
Direct quote - answers - sears (1986) argues that college students make up a 'narrow
base' and tend to "...have incompletely formed senses of self, rather uncrystallized
sociopolitical attitudes, unusually strong cognitive skills, strong needs for peer approval,
tendencies to be compliant to authority, quite unstable group relationships, little material
self-interest in public affairs, and unusual egocentricity" (p. 527).
Plagiarism - answers - if you do not give someone credit for their
Title page - answers - title (in center of page) authors' names & affiliations (below title)
running head (in all caps, left aligned) page number (top right corner)
Abstract - answers - a summary of an article that appears at the beginning of the article
and in searchable databases of journal articles
-starts on a new page immediately after your title page
- includes a brief summary of all parts(into, methods, results, discussion)
-often limited (200 words) so you must aim for parsimony
Introduction - answers - - starts on a new page after the abstract (p. 3)
- first line is your title again (centered, not bolded)
, - what might be included in the introduction:
- general topic
- existing research on that topic
- how you might improve upon existing research
- your [empirically-supported] hypotheses
- start general & get more specific
- by the end of the introduction, a reader should have enough information to know what
prior research has been done on the topic, why the research needs to be done, and
how your study improves upon previous research
- your intro should provide enough detail so that a reader could guess your hypotheses
before they read them
Method - answers - - begins immediately after introduction, on the same page
- "method" should be centered & bolded on its own line
- include as much information as necessary for someone to replicate the study
- might include:
- measures used
- order of procedure ** -- think about why order might be important
- four subsections (not always all included or separated):
- participants
- design
- materials / apparatus
- procedure
- [sometimes] data analysis
Method participants - answers - who is in your sample?
how many people participated?
how did you collect that sample?
were participants compensated?
what is the demographic breakdown of your sample? *** important - think about
external validity
*required by apa
Method design - answers - design: describe what you did
what variables are you examining?
how are you measuring those variables?
how are you manipulating your iv?
does your iv have levels?
* not required by apa
Method materials - answers - materials / apparatus: describe what you used to measure
/ manipulate your variables
describe all measures / apparatuses used
describe what you did with each of your measures
Method procedure - answers - procedure: how exactly did this study go?
