written by
studyvault1
TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY: A VISUAL, AUDITORY, INTERACTIVE
APPROACH (4TH ED.) BY GALE SLOAN THOMPSON
|ALL CHAPTERS | ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
NEWEST VERSION
Downloaded by: studyvault1 | Want to earn $1.236 Distribution
of this document is illegal extra per year?
, CHAPTER 1 — INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY /
HOMEOSTASIS
1. A nurse teaches a patient about homeostasis. Which statement best describes
homeostasis?
A. The ability of the body to keep all variables at a single fixed value.
B. The process of returning the internal environment to a narrow, stable range.
Downloaded by: studyvault1 | Want to earn $1.236 Distribution
of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
C. A mechanism that only operates during illness. D. Rapid, unpredictable changes in
body systems.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains internal
stability (a narrow, stable range) despite external changes. It is not a single fixed
value for all variables (A is incorrect), it operates continuously (C incorrect), and it
is not rapid, unpredictable changes (D incorrect).
2. A patient’s blood glucose rises after a meal. Which mechanism is an example of a
negative feedback response to this change? A. Increased glucagon secretion from alpha
cells.
B. Increased insulin secretion from beta cells.
C. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system to raise blood glucose.
D. Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Negative feedback reduces the deviation from normal. Increased insulin
lowers blood glucose back toward normal. Glucagon raises glucose (A wrong),
sympathetic activation raises glucose (C wrong), vasodilation is unrelated (D wrong).
3. A clinician explains control centers in homeostatic loops. Which structure often acts as
the control center for temperature regulation?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pituitary gland Answer: B.
Downloaded by: studyvault1 | Want to earn $1.236 Distribution
of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
Rationale: The hypothalamus is the primary thermoregulatory center. Cerebellum
is for coordination (A), medulla for vital reflexes (C), pituitary releases hormones
but isn't the primary temperature control center (D).
4. A patient has lost a lot of blood and their blood pressure drops. Which
immediate compensatory response is characteristic of a short-term
homeostatic mechanism?
A. Increased erythropoietin release from kidneys.
B. Baroreceptor-mediated sympathetic activation causing vasoconstriction.
C. Increased synthesis of albumin in the liver.
D. Remodeling of blood vessels.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Short-term compensation to maintain blood pressure includes
baroreceptor reflexes increasing sympathetic activity and vasoconstriction.
Erythropoietin (A) is longer-term; albumin synthesis (C) and remodeling (D) are
not immediate.
5. Which is an example of positive feedback?
A. Decrease in body temperature stimulating shivering.
B. Blood glucose rise stimulating insulin release.
C. Oxytocin release causing uterine contractions, which increase oxytocin
release.
D. Increased arterial CO₂ stimulating increased ventilation until CO₂
normalizes.
Answer: C.
Rationale: Positive feedback amplifies a change: oxytocin → contractions → more
oxytocin. The others are negative feedback examples.
6. A client receives a medication that blocks receptors in an efferent pathway
of a reflex arc. Which part of the reflex arc is affected?
A. Sensory receptor
B. Afferent neuron
C. Integrating center
D. Motor (efferent) neuron Answer: D.
Downloaded by: studyvault1 | Want to earn $1.236
Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
studyvault1
TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY: A VISUAL, AUDITORY, INTERACTIVE
APPROACH (4TH ED.) BY GALE SLOAN THOMPSON
|ALL CHAPTERS | ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
NEWEST VERSION
Downloaded by: studyvault1 | Want to earn $1.236 Distribution
of this document is illegal extra per year?
, CHAPTER 1 — INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY /
HOMEOSTASIS
1. A nurse teaches a patient about homeostasis. Which statement best describes
homeostasis?
A. The ability of the body to keep all variables at a single fixed value.
B. The process of returning the internal environment to a narrow, stable range.
Downloaded by: studyvault1 | Want to earn $1.236 Distribution
of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
C. A mechanism that only operates during illness. D. Rapid, unpredictable changes in
body systems.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains internal
stability (a narrow, stable range) despite external changes. It is not a single fixed
value for all variables (A is incorrect), it operates continuously (C incorrect), and it
is not rapid, unpredictable changes (D incorrect).
2. A patient’s blood glucose rises after a meal. Which mechanism is an example of a
negative feedback response to this change? A. Increased glucagon secretion from alpha
cells.
B. Increased insulin secretion from beta cells.
C. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system to raise blood glucose.
D. Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Negative feedback reduces the deviation from normal. Increased insulin
lowers blood glucose back toward normal. Glucagon raises glucose (A wrong),
sympathetic activation raises glucose (C wrong), vasodilation is unrelated (D wrong).
3. A clinician explains control centers in homeostatic loops. Which structure often acts as
the control center for temperature regulation?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pituitary gland Answer: B.
Downloaded by: studyvault1 | Want to earn $1.236 Distribution
of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material
Rationale: The hypothalamus is the primary thermoregulatory center. Cerebellum
is for coordination (A), medulla for vital reflexes (C), pituitary releases hormones
but isn't the primary temperature control center (D).
4. A patient has lost a lot of blood and their blood pressure drops. Which
immediate compensatory response is characteristic of a short-term
homeostatic mechanism?
A. Increased erythropoietin release from kidneys.
B. Baroreceptor-mediated sympathetic activation causing vasoconstriction.
C. Increased synthesis of albumin in the liver.
D. Remodeling of blood vessels.
Answer: B.
Rationale: Short-term compensation to maintain blood pressure includes
baroreceptor reflexes increasing sympathetic activity and vasoconstriction.
Erythropoietin (A) is longer-term; albumin synthesis (C) and remodeling (D) are
not immediate.
5. Which is an example of positive feedback?
A. Decrease in body temperature stimulating shivering.
B. Blood glucose rise stimulating insulin release.
C. Oxytocin release causing uterine contractions, which increase oxytocin
release.
D. Increased arterial CO₂ stimulating increased ventilation until CO₂
normalizes.
Answer: C.
Rationale: Positive feedback amplifies a change: oxytocin → contractions → more
oxytocin. The others are negative feedback examples.
6. A client receives a medication that blocks receptors in an efferent pathway
of a reflex arc. Which part of the reflex arc is affected?
A. Sensory receptor
B. Afferent neuron
C. Integrating center
D. Motor (efferent) neuron Answer: D.
Downloaded by: studyvault1 | Want to earn $1.236
Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
