ECC NUR 242 Final Exam Review: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Endocrine, Oncology,
SIADH, DI, Thyroid, Adrenal Disorders | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified
Answers)
Medical-Surgical Nursing | Endocrine & Oncology Comprehensive Review
SUBJECT COURSE FORMAT
Medical-Surgical Nursing / Endocrine / ECC NUR 242 Final Exam Q&A with Rationales
Oncology
Q1
How does Diabetes Insipidus (DI) occur? State two causes.
CORRECT ANSWER
Head injury, pituitary tumor, surgery, any damage to the brain (causes ADH deficiency)
R AT I O N A L E
• DI results from insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production or response.
• Central DI: pituitary/hypothalamus damage; Nephrogenic DI: kidney resistance to ADH.
Q2
What lab values indicate DI? (State at least three)
CORRECT ANSWER
Low specific gravity (<1.01), low urine osmolality (<100), high serum osmolality (>295), high sodium (>145), low K+
(<5.0)
R AT I O N A L E
• Urine is dilute (low specific gravity, low osmolality) because kidneys cannot concentrate urine.
• Serum is concentrated (high Na, high osmolality) due to free water loss.
Q3
What are signs and symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
CORRECT ANSWER
Weight loss, polydipsia (excessive thirst), increased urine output (polyuria), low BP, tachycardia
R AT I O N A L E
• Polyuria can be 3-20 L/day; polydipsia is compensatory.
• Dehydration leads to hypovolemia (low BP, tachycardia).
, Q4
What is the gold standard to diagnose Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
CORRECT ANSWER
Specific gravity (low <1.005) and water deprivation test
R AT I O N A L E
• Water deprivation test: withhold fluids for 4-8 hours; DI patients cannot concentrate urine.
• Desmopressin (DDAVP) administration helps differentiate central vs. nephrogenic DI.
Q5
What are nursing interventions for DI (non-pharmacological)? Name at least three.
CORRECT ANSWER
Vitals, daily weights, monitor I&O's, seizure precautions (hypernatremia), neuro checks, Q2 labs
R AT I O N A L E
• Daily weight is best indicator of fluid status (1 kg = 1 L fluid loss).
• Seizure precautions due to hypernatremia (high sodium causes cerebral irritation).
Q6
What are the 7 D's of DI?
CORRECT ANSWER
1) Diurese; 2) Diluted urine (low specific gravity); 3) Dry inside (hypernatremia); 4) Drinking (thirsty); 5) Dehydrated;
6) Decreased BP; 7) Desmopressin (treatment)
R AT I O N A L E
• Mnemonics help recall key features of DI.
Q7
What is SIADH?
CORRECT ANSWER
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (overproduction of ADH)
R AT I O N A L E
• Excess ADH causes water retention, dilutional hyponatremia, and concentrated urine.
Q8
Why does SIADH happen? Name at least three causes.
CORRECT ANSWER
Cancer (especially small cell lung cancer), head trauma, CNS disorders, sepsis, brain trauma
R AT I O N A L E
• Small cell lung cancer is the most common malignancy causing SIADH.
SIADH, DI, Thyroid, Adrenal Disorders | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified
Answers)
Medical-Surgical Nursing | Endocrine & Oncology Comprehensive Review
SUBJECT COURSE FORMAT
Medical-Surgical Nursing / Endocrine / ECC NUR 242 Final Exam Q&A with Rationales
Oncology
Q1
How does Diabetes Insipidus (DI) occur? State two causes.
CORRECT ANSWER
Head injury, pituitary tumor, surgery, any damage to the brain (causes ADH deficiency)
R AT I O N A L E
• DI results from insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production or response.
• Central DI: pituitary/hypothalamus damage; Nephrogenic DI: kidney resistance to ADH.
Q2
What lab values indicate DI? (State at least three)
CORRECT ANSWER
Low specific gravity (<1.01), low urine osmolality (<100), high serum osmolality (>295), high sodium (>145), low K+
(<5.0)
R AT I O N A L E
• Urine is dilute (low specific gravity, low osmolality) because kidneys cannot concentrate urine.
• Serum is concentrated (high Na, high osmolality) due to free water loss.
Q3
What are signs and symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
CORRECT ANSWER
Weight loss, polydipsia (excessive thirst), increased urine output (polyuria), low BP, tachycardia
R AT I O N A L E
• Polyuria can be 3-20 L/day; polydipsia is compensatory.
• Dehydration leads to hypovolemia (low BP, tachycardia).
, Q4
What is the gold standard to diagnose Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
CORRECT ANSWER
Specific gravity (low <1.005) and water deprivation test
R AT I O N A L E
• Water deprivation test: withhold fluids for 4-8 hours; DI patients cannot concentrate urine.
• Desmopressin (DDAVP) administration helps differentiate central vs. nephrogenic DI.
Q5
What are nursing interventions for DI (non-pharmacological)? Name at least three.
CORRECT ANSWER
Vitals, daily weights, monitor I&O's, seizure precautions (hypernatremia), neuro checks, Q2 labs
R AT I O N A L E
• Daily weight is best indicator of fluid status (1 kg = 1 L fluid loss).
• Seizure precautions due to hypernatremia (high sodium causes cerebral irritation).
Q6
What are the 7 D's of DI?
CORRECT ANSWER
1) Diurese; 2) Diluted urine (low specific gravity); 3) Dry inside (hypernatremia); 4) Drinking (thirsty); 5) Dehydrated;
6) Decreased BP; 7) Desmopressin (treatment)
R AT I O N A L E
• Mnemonics help recall key features of DI.
Q7
What is SIADH?
CORRECT ANSWER
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (overproduction of ADH)
R AT I O N A L E
• Excess ADH causes water retention, dilutional hyponatremia, and concentrated urine.
Q8
Why does SIADH happen? Name at least three causes.
CORRECT ANSWER
Cancer (especially small cell lung cancer), head trauma, CNS disorders, sepsis, brain trauma
R AT I O N A L E
• Small cell lung cancer is the most common malignancy causing SIADH.
