NSG 533 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 ACTUAL TEST SCRIPT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026 GRADED A+
⩥ Specific Immune Respose.
Answer: Respond more effectively to 2nd exposure
Highly selective in ability to recognize antigens
B and T lymphocytes
Slow to develop
More efficient on subsequent exposure
⩥ Adaptive Immune System.
Answer: A type of specific immunity capable of
-Recognizing foreign invaders
-Destroying foreign invaders
-Retaining memory of the encounter
This allows for more effective defense (adaptive) to be achieved after
subsequent exposure
Must differentiate self and nonself
,⩥ Specific Adaptive Immunity Overview.
Answer: (1) Virus infects body, cells displat viral antigens
(2) Macrophages enguld virus and display viral antigen
(3) Macrophages activate help T cells
(4) Helper T cells active Cytotoxic T and B cells
(5) B cells form plasma cells
(6) PLasma cells make anitbodies which bind to viral antigen
(7) Antibodies attach to the virus and infect body cells, signals for their
destruction
(8) Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected body cells
⩥ Five Cardinal Signs of Local Inflammation.
Answer: (1) Redness --> blood flow increased
(2) Swelling --> vasodilation and vascular permeability
(3) Heat --> increase in the blood flow to the area
(4) Pain
(5) Loss of function --> from the combination of all these signs
⩥ What causes edema during the inflammatory process?.
Answer: Vasodilation and vascular permeability cause the area of trauma
to experience edema during the inflammatory process
, Three purposes of inflammatory response
Neutralize and destroy invading and harmful agents
Limit spread of harmful agents to other tissue
Prepare damaged tissue for repair
⩥ What are the manifestations of systemic inflammation?.
Answer: Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
⩥ Active Immunity.
Answer: A protected state owing to the body's immune response as a
result of active infection or immunization
Requires memory B cells
Second exposure: quicker response
Immunizations
Vaccines contain altered microorganisms or toxins; retain ability to
stimulate immune system (antigenic properties); do not have pathogenic
properties; do not cause harm to the host
Vaccines contain: live and attenuated (altered) agents or killed infectious
agents
⩥ Passive Immunity.
EXAM 1 ACTUAL TEST SCRIPT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026 GRADED A+
⩥ Specific Immune Respose.
Answer: Respond more effectively to 2nd exposure
Highly selective in ability to recognize antigens
B and T lymphocytes
Slow to develop
More efficient on subsequent exposure
⩥ Adaptive Immune System.
Answer: A type of specific immunity capable of
-Recognizing foreign invaders
-Destroying foreign invaders
-Retaining memory of the encounter
This allows for more effective defense (adaptive) to be achieved after
subsequent exposure
Must differentiate self and nonself
,⩥ Specific Adaptive Immunity Overview.
Answer: (1) Virus infects body, cells displat viral antigens
(2) Macrophages enguld virus and display viral antigen
(3) Macrophages activate help T cells
(4) Helper T cells active Cytotoxic T and B cells
(5) B cells form plasma cells
(6) PLasma cells make anitbodies which bind to viral antigen
(7) Antibodies attach to the virus and infect body cells, signals for their
destruction
(8) Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected body cells
⩥ Five Cardinal Signs of Local Inflammation.
Answer: (1) Redness --> blood flow increased
(2) Swelling --> vasodilation and vascular permeability
(3) Heat --> increase in the blood flow to the area
(4) Pain
(5) Loss of function --> from the combination of all these signs
⩥ What causes edema during the inflammatory process?.
Answer: Vasodilation and vascular permeability cause the area of trauma
to experience edema during the inflammatory process
, Three purposes of inflammatory response
Neutralize and destroy invading and harmful agents
Limit spread of harmful agents to other tissue
Prepare damaged tissue for repair
⩥ What are the manifestations of systemic inflammation?.
Answer: Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
⩥ Active Immunity.
Answer: A protected state owing to the body's immune response as a
result of active infection or immunization
Requires memory B cells
Second exposure: quicker response
Immunizations
Vaccines contain altered microorganisms or toxins; retain ability to
stimulate immune system (antigenic properties); do not have pathogenic
properties; do not cause harm to the host
Vaccines contain: live and attenuated (altered) agents or killed infectious
agents
⩥ Passive Immunity.
