NSG 533 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
PRACTICE QUESTIONS SOLVED 2026
GRADED A+
⩥ Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and
restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
⩥ Epidemiology.
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations;
examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and
distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
⩥ Endemic.
Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
⩥ Epidemic.
,Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same
time
(spread to many people at the same time)
⩥ Pandemic.
Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
⩥ *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*.
Answer:
⩥ Homeostasis.
Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a
articular ideal "set-point"
⩥ Exhausation.
Answer: Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
⩥ Allostatic Overload.
Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or
ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear" on
the body
,⩥ Adaptation.
Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to
new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based
coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
⩥ Arousal.
Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures,
sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in motor
activity
⩥ Function of Cortisol.
Answer: Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
, ⩥ *Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function*.
Answer:
⩥ Endocrine Communication.
Answer: Hormones traveling in the bloodstream
Long range signaling
⩥ Neurocrine Communication.
Answer: Neurons firing information through synapses
Signals travel a very small distance between neuron and target cell
⩥ Paracrine Communcation.
Answer: Signaling through the extraceullar fluid between cells in a
tissue
Localized areas of communication
⩥ Autocrine Communcation.
Answer: Localized signaling in which the secreting cell is also the target
cell
Feedback to self
⩥ Describe an Action Potential.
EXAM 1 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
PRACTICE QUESTIONS SOLVED 2026
GRADED A+
⩥ Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and
restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
⩥ Epidemiology.
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations;
examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and
distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
⩥ Endemic.
Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
⩥ Epidemic.
,Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same
time
(spread to many people at the same time)
⩥ Pandemic.
Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
⩥ *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*.
Answer:
⩥ Homeostasis.
Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a
articular ideal "set-point"
⩥ Exhausation.
Answer: Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
⩥ Allostatic Overload.
Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or
ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear" on
the body
,⩥ Adaptation.
Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to
new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based
coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
⩥ Arousal.
Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures,
sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in motor
activity
⩥ Function of Cortisol.
Answer: Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
, ⩥ *Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function*.
Answer:
⩥ Endocrine Communication.
Answer: Hormones traveling in the bloodstream
Long range signaling
⩥ Neurocrine Communication.
Answer: Neurons firing information through synapses
Signals travel a very small distance between neuron and target cell
⩥ Paracrine Communcation.
Answer: Signaling through the extraceullar fluid between cells in a
tissue
Localized areas of communication
⩥ Autocrine Communcation.
Answer: Localized signaling in which the secreting cell is also the target
cell
Feedback to self
⩥ Describe an Action Potential.
