NSG 533 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 ACTUAL TEST SCRIPT VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026 GRADED A+

NSG 533 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 ACTUAL TEST SCRIPT VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026 GRADED A+

⩥ treatment for hyperkalemia.
Answer: - Kayexalate
- glucose to stimulate insulin secretion (pushes K back to ICF)
- dialysis


⩥ causes of hypokalemia.
Answer: mostly GI and renal
- GI (diarrhea/vomiting)
- renal (diuretic use, low plasma Mg, excessive aldosterone secretion)


⩥ s/s hypokalemia (K < 3.5mEq/L).
Answer: - lethargy
- n/v
- Flat T wave


⩥ treatment for hypokalemia.
Answer: Potassium replacement 40-80mEq/day if renal function normal

,⩥ causes of hypercalcemia.
Answer: CHED
Calcium ingestion, Hyperparathyroid, excess Vitamin D


⩥ s/s hypercalcemia (Ca > 10.5mg/dL).
Answer: - loss of membrane excitability
- lethargy
- depressed T waves


⩥ treatment for hypercalcemia.
Answer: - phosphate
- calcitonin


⩥ causes of hypocalcemia.
Answer: - inadequate internal absorption
- decreased levels of PTH
- decreased levels of Vitamin D


⩥ s/s hypocalcemia (Ca < 9.0mg/dL).
Answer: Convulsions (Chvostek/Trousseau)
Arrhythmias (long QT)

, Tetany
Stridor


⩥ treatment for hypocalcemia.
Answer: - 10% calcium gluconate
- decrease phosphate intake


⩥ difference between local vs generalized edema.
Answer: local edema is limited to the site of injury (cerebral, pulmonary
and can be life threatening)


generalized edema has a more uniform distribution of fluid in the
interstitial spaces


⩥ define dependent edema.
Answer: fluid accumulates in gravity-dependent areas of the body(feet,
legs, butt)


⩥ the total amount of sodium in the body is responsible for.
Answer: the extracellular fluid volume


⩥ the total amount of water in the body is responsible for.
Answer: the extracellular sodium concentration