MASTERS EXAM PSYCHOLOGY 2026 |
UPDATED STUDY GUIDE WITH PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, AND RATIONALES
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Jean Esquirol (1772 - 1840) distinction between mental incapacities and mental
illness (insanity);
- Idiocy = not a disease but a condition in which
intellectual facilities are never manifested.
- Mental illness = when a person is unable to use of
lost mental abilities they had once possessed.
- Used language abilities to differentiate the two
groups
Wilhelm Wundt (1832 - 1920) Founder of the first experimental psychology
laboratory
- separation from philosophy: psychology should
focus on the contents of consciousness/immediate
experience
- sensation, attention, reaction time, feelings,
emotions
- physiological experimental techniques
- reflected in tests developed by Galton and Catell
Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) Father of the psychometrically-based testing
movement
- statistical explanation for inherited mental
characteristics (correlation)
- measurement: sensory and physical skills (height,
weight, head size, arm span, vision, motor
strengths, reaction time etc)
- first large-scale standardized data collection
,James McKeen Catell (1860-1944) coined the term "mental tests"
- measurement of the body and senses: perception
of size, strength of hand, eyesight, hearing, size of
head, color vision, sensitivity to pain, rate of
perception, rate of movement, etc.
- anticipated the test as a measurement tool for
diagnostic evaluation and selection (limited
validity)
Binet (1892-1940) first breakthrough in intelligence testing
- societal needs: need for humane treatment of
individuals with intellectual disabilities and a need
for a correct diagnosis
- "higher" level cognitive skills
Lewis Terman (1877 - 1956) - revised the Binet-Simon Scale
- rigorous standardization procedure: US norm
- comprehensive examiner's guide
- introduction of intelligence quotient (IQ)
Robert Yerkes (1876-1956) WWI and intelligence testing
- directed APA assessment committee
- charged with screening about a million and a half
potential soldiers
- committee developed the first group-
administered intelligence tests: Army Alpha (verbal)
and Army Beta (non-verbal)
David Wechsler (1896-1981) - hoped for an effective measure of intelligence
that can aid in psychiatric diagnosis
- developed the most widely used individual
intelligence tests in the United States
- integration of both verbal and performance (non-
verbal) tests into a single battery
, Wechsler was to _________ intelligence adult
tests what Binet was to ___________ children's
intelligence tests
Ethics of assessment - high quality assessment are supported by
Standard 9 of APA Ethics Code standards related to conclusions and
recommendations, selection of assessment
techniques, and avoidance of obsolete tests
- psychologists should base conclusions and
recommendations on formal assessment and avoid
relying on hearsay or unverifiable information
- when selecting assessment techniques,
psychologists should consider reliability, validity,
and relevance to the clients they serve
- psychologists should diligently select, administer,
score, and interpret assessment results to ensure
accuracy and the best outcomes
- psychologists should avoid using old and
obsolete tests and stay up to date with
contemporary tests and assessment practices
- control of information is addressed through
standards related to informed consent,
confidentiality, and release of assessment results
- psychologists should inform clients about the
nature and purpose of assessment and obtain
informed consent
UPDATED STUDY GUIDE WITH PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, AND RATIONALES
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Jean Esquirol (1772 - 1840) distinction between mental incapacities and mental
illness (insanity);
- Idiocy = not a disease but a condition in which
intellectual facilities are never manifested.
- Mental illness = when a person is unable to use of
lost mental abilities they had once possessed.
- Used language abilities to differentiate the two
groups
Wilhelm Wundt (1832 - 1920) Founder of the first experimental psychology
laboratory
- separation from philosophy: psychology should
focus on the contents of consciousness/immediate
experience
- sensation, attention, reaction time, feelings,
emotions
- physiological experimental techniques
- reflected in tests developed by Galton and Catell
Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) Father of the psychometrically-based testing
movement
- statistical explanation for inherited mental
characteristics (correlation)
- measurement: sensory and physical skills (height,
weight, head size, arm span, vision, motor
strengths, reaction time etc)
- first large-scale standardized data collection
,James McKeen Catell (1860-1944) coined the term "mental tests"
- measurement of the body and senses: perception
of size, strength of hand, eyesight, hearing, size of
head, color vision, sensitivity to pain, rate of
perception, rate of movement, etc.
- anticipated the test as a measurement tool for
diagnostic evaluation and selection (limited
validity)
Binet (1892-1940) first breakthrough in intelligence testing
- societal needs: need for humane treatment of
individuals with intellectual disabilities and a need
for a correct diagnosis
- "higher" level cognitive skills
Lewis Terman (1877 - 1956) - revised the Binet-Simon Scale
- rigorous standardization procedure: US norm
- comprehensive examiner's guide
- introduction of intelligence quotient (IQ)
Robert Yerkes (1876-1956) WWI and intelligence testing
- directed APA assessment committee
- charged with screening about a million and a half
potential soldiers
- committee developed the first group-
administered intelligence tests: Army Alpha (verbal)
and Army Beta (non-verbal)
David Wechsler (1896-1981) - hoped for an effective measure of intelligence
that can aid in psychiatric diagnosis
- developed the most widely used individual
intelligence tests in the United States
- integration of both verbal and performance (non-
verbal) tests into a single battery
, Wechsler was to _________ intelligence adult
tests what Binet was to ___________ children's
intelligence tests
Ethics of assessment - high quality assessment are supported by
Standard 9 of APA Ethics Code standards related to conclusions and
recommendations, selection of assessment
techniques, and avoidance of obsolete tests
- psychologists should base conclusions and
recommendations on formal assessment and avoid
relying on hearsay or unverifiable information
- when selecting assessment techniques,
psychologists should consider reliability, validity,
and relevance to the clients they serve
- psychologists should diligently select, administer,
score, and interpret assessment results to ensure
accuracy and the best outcomes
- psychologists should avoid using old and
obsolete tests and stay up to date with
contemporary tests and assessment practices
- control of information is addressed through
standards related to informed consent,
confidentiality, and release of assessment results
- psychologists should inform clients about the
nature and purpose of assessment and obtain
informed consent
