NUR 210 Exam 2: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Gas Exchange, Perfusion,
Elimination, Sleep, Mobility, Sensory Perception | Q&A | Grade A | 100%
Correct (Verified Answers)
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE REVIEW
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Nursing Fundamentals / Gas NUR 210 Exam 2 2026/2027 Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationale
Exchange / Perfusion / Elimination /
Sleep / Mobility
Q1
What is gas exchange?
CORRECT ANSWER An interactive process involving the neurologic, pulmonary, and cardiovascular
systems
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Gas exchange requires intact ventilation (air movement), respiration (alveolar diffusion), and perfusion (blood
flow).
● Disruption in any component can lead to hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia.
Q2
What is the difference between ventilation, respiration, and perfusion?
CORRECT ANSWER Ventilation: Movement of air in and out of the lungs (neurologic control);
Respiration: Exchange of gases in the alveoli (pulmonary); Perfusion: The transport of blood
through arteries, capillaries, and tissues
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Ventilation is mechanical; respiration is gas exchange; perfusion is blood delivery.
● The V/Q ratio (ventilation-perfusion matching) is essential for adequate oxygenation.
Q3
What are the two types of perfusion?
CORRECT ANSWER Central perfusion - heart and major vessels; Tissue perfusion - blood flow to
specific organs and tissues
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Central perfusion maintains cardiac output; tissue perfusion ensures oxygen delivery to organs.
● Impaired central perfusion causes shock; impaired tissue perfusion causes ischemia.
, Q4
What are subjective data cues for gas exchange impairment?
CORRECT ANSWER Dyspnea, chest tightness, fatigue, anxiety, cough, orthopnea, pain with
breathing, history of smoking
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying flat) suggests heart failure or severe COPD.
● Pleuritic chest pain (worse with inspiration) suggests pneumonia or pulmonary embolism.
Q5
What are objective data cues for gas exchange impairment?
CORRECT ANSWER Pulse oximetry <95%, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles, abnormal breath
sounds, barrel chest, prolonged expiration, rapid shallow respirations, clubbing of fingers,
abnormal ABGs, tripod positioning, paradoxical breathing, increased work of breathing
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● SpO2 <90% is severe hypoxemia requiring immediate intervention.
● Accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, and retractions indicate increased work of breathing.
● Barrel chest is classic in emphysema from chronic air trapping.
Q6
What is the difference between COPD/emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma?
CORRECT ANSWER COPD/Emphysema: thin stature, pursed-lip breathing, hyperinflation, dyspnea
early; Chronic Bronchitis: cyanosis, excessive sputum, wheezing, hypoxia; Asthma: intermittent
wheezing, tachycardia, hypoxemia during exacerbation
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● "Pink puffers" (emphysema) vs "blue bloaters" (chronic bronchitis).
● Asthma is reversible; COPD is not fully reversible.
Q7
What are subjective data cues for perfusion impairment?
CORRECT ANSWERIntermittent claudication, leg heaviness, numbness in feet, chest discomfort,
shortness of breath, pain in affected extremity
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Intermittent claudication (leg pain with exercise) is classic for peripheral artery disease (PAD).
● Chest discomfort + shortness of breath suggests possible cardiac ischemia or heart failure.
Elimination, Sleep, Mobility, Sensory Perception | Q&A | Grade A | 100%
Correct (Verified Answers)
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE REVIEW
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Nursing Fundamentals / Gas NUR 210 Exam 2 2026/2027 Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationale
Exchange / Perfusion / Elimination /
Sleep / Mobility
Q1
What is gas exchange?
CORRECT ANSWER An interactive process involving the neurologic, pulmonary, and cardiovascular
systems
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Gas exchange requires intact ventilation (air movement), respiration (alveolar diffusion), and perfusion (blood
flow).
● Disruption in any component can lead to hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia.
Q2
What is the difference between ventilation, respiration, and perfusion?
CORRECT ANSWER Ventilation: Movement of air in and out of the lungs (neurologic control);
Respiration: Exchange of gases in the alveoli (pulmonary); Perfusion: The transport of blood
through arteries, capillaries, and tissues
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Ventilation is mechanical; respiration is gas exchange; perfusion is blood delivery.
● The V/Q ratio (ventilation-perfusion matching) is essential for adequate oxygenation.
Q3
What are the two types of perfusion?
CORRECT ANSWER Central perfusion - heart and major vessels; Tissue perfusion - blood flow to
specific organs and tissues
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Central perfusion maintains cardiac output; tissue perfusion ensures oxygen delivery to organs.
● Impaired central perfusion causes shock; impaired tissue perfusion causes ischemia.
, Q4
What are subjective data cues for gas exchange impairment?
CORRECT ANSWER Dyspnea, chest tightness, fatigue, anxiety, cough, orthopnea, pain with
breathing, history of smoking
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying flat) suggests heart failure or severe COPD.
● Pleuritic chest pain (worse with inspiration) suggests pneumonia or pulmonary embolism.
Q5
What are objective data cues for gas exchange impairment?
CORRECT ANSWER Pulse oximetry <95%, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles, abnormal breath
sounds, barrel chest, prolonged expiration, rapid shallow respirations, clubbing of fingers,
abnormal ABGs, tripod positioning, paradoxical breathing, increased work of breathing
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● SpO2 <90% is severe hypoxemia requiring immediate intervention.
● Accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, and retractions indicate increased work of breathing.
● Barrel chest is classic in emphysema from chronic air trapping.
Q6
What is the difference between COPD/emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma?
CORRECT ANSWER COPD/Emphysema: thin stature, pursed-lip breathing, hyperinflation, dyspnea
early; Chronic Bronchitis: cyanosis, excessive sputum, wheezing, hypoxia; Asthma: intermittent
wheezing, tachycardia, hypoxemia during exacerbation
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● "Pink puffers" (emphysema) vs "blue bloaters" (chronic bronchitis).
● Asthma is reversible; COPD is not fully reversible.
Q7
What are subjective data cues for perfusion impairment?
CORRECT ANSWERIntermittent claudication, leg heaviness, numbness in feet, chest discomfort,
shortness of breath, pain in affected extremity
CLINICAL RATIONALE
● Intermittent claudication (leg pain with exercise) is classic for peripheral artery disease (PAD).
● Chest discomfort + shortness of breath suggests possible cardiac ischemia or heart failure.
