NR 569 Final Exam: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Orthopedics, Ophthalmology,
ENT, Rheumatology | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | LATEST 2026/2027
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Orthopedics, Ophthalmology, ENT NR 569 Final Exam 2026/2027 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
1
What is bicipital tendon rupture and what does it cause?
CORRECT ANSWER: Long head of bicep tendon tears from proximal shoulder insertion, usually from lifting
a heavy object. Sudden pain, swelling, bruising, and Popeye deformity.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Popeye deformity occurs when the muscle retracts distally, creating a bulge in the arm.
2. Usually occurs in patients over 40 with pre-existing tendon degeneration.
2
What is lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?
CORRECT ANSWER: Sharp, radiating pain down outside of elbow; pain occurs with extension of wrist and
gripping. May have weakness in forearm or weak grip. Overuse injury of the wrist extensor muscles.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Lateral epicondylitis affects the common extensor tendon (ECRB).
2. Cozen's test (resisted wrist extension) reproduces pain.
3
What is Paxino's sign?
CORRECT ANSWER: Place hand over the shoulder, with fingers on clavicle and thumb on back of shoulder,
then pinch. Pain is a positive sign for acromioclavicular sprain.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. AC joint sprain occurs after fall onto outstretched hand or direct blow.
2. Cross-body adduction test also positive in AC joint injury.
, 4
What is acromioclavicular sprain?
CORRECT ANSWER: Pain in clavicular area after direct trauma or excessive pushing/pulling of upper
extremity. Common in young males; typically associated with fall with arm abduction. Pain increases with
lying on arm, adduction/abduction past 90 degrees, heavy lifting.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Graded I-VI based on severity of ligament tear and clavicle displacement.
2. Grade I-III managed conservatively; Grade IV-VI may require surgery.
5
What is spinal stenosis?
CORRECT ANSWER: Local, segmental, or generalized narrowing within the vertebral spinal column by bony
overgrowth, hypertrophic changes in facet joints, thickening of ligamentum flavum. Typically slow
progression over months or years. Back pain worsens with activity. Unilateral leg numbness or
paresthesias may occur.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Neurogenic claudication improves with sitting or leaning forward (shopping cart sign).
2. Straight leg raise is typically negative.
6
What is medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)?
CORRECT ANSWER: Sharp, radiating pain down inside of elbow; pain occurs with supination of forearm and
gripping motions. May have weakness in hand or wrist, numbness or tingling in ring/little fingers. Overuse
injury of the wrist flexor muscles.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Medial epicondylitis affects the common flexor tendon origin.
2. Pain with resisted wrist flexion and pronation.
7
What is the most common bacteria causing otitis media?
CORRECT ANSWER: Streptococcus pneumoniae
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Other common pathogens: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis.
ENT, Rheumatology | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | LATEST 2026/2027
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Orthopedics, Ophthalmology, ENT NR 569 Final Exam 2026/2027 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
1
What is bicipital tendon rupture and what does it cause?
CORRECT ANSWER: Long head of bicep tendon tears from proximal shoulder insertion, usually from lifting
a heavy object. Sudden pain, swelling, bruising, and Popeye deformity.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Popeye deformity occurs when the muscle retracts distally, creating a bulge in the arm.
2. Usually occurs in patients over 40 with pre-existing tendon degeneration.
2
What is lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?
CORRECT ANSWER: Sharp, radiating pain down outside of elbow; pain occurs with extension of wrist and
gripping. May have weakness in forearm or weak grip. Overuse injury of the wrist extensor muscles.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Lateral epicondylitis affects the common extensor tendon (ECRB).
2. Cozen's test (resisted wrist extension) reproduces pain.
3
What is Paxino's sign?
CORRECT ANSWER: Place hand over the shoulder, with fingers on clavicle and thumb on back of shoulder,
then pinch. Pain is a positive sign for acromioclavicular sprain.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. AC joint sprain occurs after fall onto outstretched hand or direct blow.
2. Cross-body adduction test also positive in AC joint injury.
, 4
What is acromioclavicular sprain?
CORRECT ANSWER: Pain in clavicular area after direct trauma or excessive pushing/pulling of upper
extremity. Common in young males; typically associated with fall with arm abduction. Pain increases with
lying on arm, adduction/abduction past 90 degrees, heavy lifting.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Graded I-VI based on severity of ligament tear and clavicle displacement.
2. Grade I-III managed conservatively; Grade IV-VI may require surgery.
5
What is spinal stenosis?
CORRECT ANSWER: Local, segmental, or generalized narrowing within the vertebral spinal column by bony
overgrowth, hypertrophic changes in facet joints, thickening of ligamentum flavum. Typically slow
progression over months or years. Back pain worsens with activity. Unilateral leg numbness or
paresthesias may occur.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Neurogenic claudication improves with sitting or leaning forward (shopping cart sign).
2. Straight leg raise is typically negative.
6
What is medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)?
CORRECT ANSWER: Sharp, radiating pain down inside of elbow; pain occurs with supination of forearm and
gripping motions. May have weakness in hand or wrist, numbness or tingling in ring/little fingers. Overuse
injury of the wrist flexor muscles.
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Medial epicondylitis affects the common flexor tendon origin.
2. Pain with resisted wrist flexion and pronation.
7
What is the most common bacteria causing otitis media?
CORRECT ANSWER: Streptococcus pneumoniae
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Other common pathogens: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis.
