McGill PSYC 100 Exam | Questions with 100%
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Terms in this set (257)
Structuralism Big names: Wundt and Titchener.
Purpose: Wanted psychology to become like
"hard" sciences, emphasized systematic study.
Also Know: Used introspection (armchair
speculation) to "map" the consciousness.
Functionalism Big names: James (and Darwin)
Purpose: Sought to define the adaptive purposes
of thoughts and feelings.
Behaviourism Big Names: Watson and Skinner
Purpose: Studied only observable behaviours, like
rewards/ punishments and how people learn.
Cognitivism Big Names: Piaget, Neisser
Purpose: Studied how people rationalize their
behaviour - Countered Behaviourism, claims that
people will interpret rewards/punishments
differently
Psychoanalysis Big Name: Freud
Purpose: Study the role of the unconscious on our
everyday life
, Scientific Theory An explanation on why something happens, or
what something is
Hypothesis A testable prediction on what the outcome of an
experiment will be. Derived from a theory
Confirmation Bias The tendency to seek out results that support a
hypothesis (and ignore results that contradict it)
Belief Perseverance Initial assumptions, even when proved to be wrong,
still tend to survive and influence people
Ruling Out Rival Hypotheses There may be another hypothesis that explains the
results just as well.
Correlation v. Causation Just because 2 events are related does not mean
that they influence each other
Falsifiability A scientific theory can only be valid if it can be
tested (and potentially disproved)
Replicability If an experiment cannot be re-performed, then its
results cannot be checked, so it has no falsifiability
Extraordinary Claims A sketchy claim must have more evidence to be
accepted than more reasonable claims
Occam's Razor The simplest explanation is the most likely to be
correct
Heuristic A mental shortcut that helps us make snap
decisions, or simplifies complicated problems
Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2026
Save
Terms in this set (257)
Structuralism Big names: Wundt and Titchener.
Purpose: Wanted psychology to become like
"hard" sciences, emphasized systematic study.
Also Know: Used introspection (armchair
speculation) to "map" the consciousness.
Functionalism Big names: James (and Darwin)
Purpose: Sought to define the adaptive purposes
of thoughts and feelings.
Behaviourism Big Names: Watson and Skinner
Purpose: Studied only observable behaviours, like
rewards/ punishments and how people learn.
Cognitivism Big Names: Piaget, Neisser
Purpose: Studied how people rationalize their
behaviour - Countered Behaviourism, claims that
people will interpret rewards/punishments
differently
Psychoanalysis Big Name: Freud
Purpose: Study the role of the unconscious on our
everyday life
, Scientific Theory An explanation on why something happens, or
what something is
Hypothesis A testable prediction on what the outcome of an
experiment will be. Derived from a theory
Confirmation Bias The tendency to seek out results that support a
hypothesis (and ignore results that contradict it)
Belief Perseverance Initial assumptions, even when proved to be wrong,
still tend to survive and influence people
Ruling Out Rival Hypotheses There may be another hypothesis that explains the
results just as well.
Correlation v. Causation Just because 2 events are related does not mean
that they influence each other
Falsifiability A scientific theory can only be valid if it can be
tested (and potentially disproved)
Replicability If an experiment cannot be re-performed, then its
results cannot be checked, so it has no falsifiability
Extraordinary Claims A sketchy claim must have more evidence to be
accepted than more reasonable claims
Occam's Razor The simplest explanation is the most likely to be
correct
Heuristic A mental shortcut that helps us make snap
decisions, or simplifies complicated problems
