NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 3: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Pulmonary,
Anemia, Endocrine, Musculoskeletal | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct
(Verified Answers)
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | LATEST 2026/2027
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Pathophysiology NR 283 Exam 3 2026/2027 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
1
Respiratory-Anemia symptoms
CORRECT ANSWER: Shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness
2
What are alveoli?
CORRECT ANSWER: Tiny, balloon-shaped air sacs at the end of bronchioles; they move oxygen and carbon
dioxide molecules into and out of your bloodstream
3
What is surfactant?
CORRECT ANSWER: A substance in the lungs that prevents the alveoli from collapsing
4
What is gas exchange?
CORRECT ANSWER: The process of swapping oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the
environment
5
Causes of impaired gas exchange
CORRECT ANSWER: Alveolar Damage (Pneumonia, ARDS, Emphysema, Pulmonary fibrosis); Airway
Obstruction (Asthma, COPD, Bronchial tumors, Foreign bodies); Reduced Surface Area (Atelectasis,
Pulmonary edema)
, 6
Prevention of impaired gas exchange
CORRECT ANSWER: Quitting smoking, deep breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises, proper
positioning (sitting upright or high Fowler's position)
7
Diagnostic testing for gas exchange
CORRECT ANSWER: Arterial blood gas (ABG) tests; Pulmonary function tests (DLCO test)
8
Treatment for gas exchange
CORRECT ANSWER: Oxygen therapy, noninvasive ventilation (CPAP or BiPAP), pursed-lip and deep-
breathing exercises
9
What is ventilation?
CORRECT ANSWER: Intentional process of introducing fresh, outdoor air into a space while removing stale,
indoor air
10
What is respiration?
CORRECT ANSWER: Two-part process involving breathing (pulmonary) and cellular processes that create
energy
11
What is perfusion?
CORRECT ANSWER: Process of circulating blood or fluid through circulatory or lymphatic system to an
organ or tissue, ensuring delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of waste
12
What is dyspnea?
CORRECT ANSWER: Shortness of breath; feeling that you can't get enough air into your lungs
, 13
What is sputum?
CORRECT ANSWER: Mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from respiratory tract, typically as result of
infection or other disease
14
What is hemoptysis?
CORRECT ANSWER: Coughing up blood; serious symptom requiring prompt medical attention
15
What is pneumonia?
CORRECT ANSWER: Infection of one or both lungs, caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
16
Pneumonia types
CORRECT ANSWER: Community acquired, health care associated, hospital acquired, ventilator associated
17
Pneumonia prevention
CORRECT ANSWER: Pneumococcal vaccine, flu vaccine, coughing and deep breathing, hand washing,
frequent mouth care, continuous suction for VAP
18
Pneumonia risk factors
CORRECT ANSWER: Advanced age, lung disease, smoking, suppressed immunity, confined to bed, post-op
19
Pneumonia symptoms
CORRECT ANSWER: Coughing, fatigue, pleuritic pain, fever, increased WBC, rust colored sputum, crackles,
tachypnea
Anemia, Endocrine, Musculoskeletal | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct
(Verified Answers)
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | LATEST 2026/2027
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Pathophysiology NR 283 Exam 3 2026/2027 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
1
Respiratory-Anemia symptoms
CORRECT ANSWER: Shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness
2
What are alveoli?
CORRECT ANSWER: Tiny, balloon-shaped air sacs at the end of bronchioles; they move oxygen and carbon
dioxide molecules into and out of your bloodstream
3
What is surfactant?
CORRECT ANSWER: A substance in the lungs that prevents the alveoli from collapsing
4
What is gas exchange?
CORRECT ANSWER: The process of swapping oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the
environment
5
Causes of impaired gas exchange
CORRECT ANSWER: Alveolar Damage (Pneumonia, ARDS, Emphysema, Pulmonary fibrosis); Airway
Obstruction (Asthma, COPD, Bronchial tumors, Foreign bodies); Reduced Surface Area (Atelectasis,
Pulmonary edema)
, 6
Prevention of impaired gas exchange
CORRECT ANSWER: Quitting smoking, deep breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises, proper
positioning (sitting upright or high Fowler's position)
7
Diagnostic testing for gas exchange
CORRECT ANSWER: Arterial blood gas (ABG) tests; Pulmonary function tests (DLCO test)
8
Treatment for gas exchange
CORRECT ANSWER: Oxygen therapy, noninvasive ventilation (CPAP or BiPAP), pursed-lip and deep-
breathing exercises
9
What is ventilation?
CORRECT ANSWER: Intentional process of introducing fresh, outdoor air into a space while removing stale,
indoor air
10
What is respiration?
CORRECT ANSWER: Two-part process involving breathing (pulmonary) and cellular processes that create
energy
11
What is perfusion?
CORRECT ANSWER: Process of circulating blood or fluid through circulatory or lymphatic system to an
organ or tissue, ensuring delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of waste
12
What is dyspnea?
CORRECT ANSWER: Shortness of breath; feeling that you can't get enough air into your lungs
, 13
What is sputum?
CORRECT ANSWER: Mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from respiratory tract, typically as result of
infection or other disease
14
What is hemoptysis?
CORRECT ANSWER: Coughing up blood; serious symptom requiring prompt medical attention
15
What is pneumonia?
CORRECT ANSWER: Infection of one or both lungs, caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
16
Pneumonia types
CORRECT ANSWER: Community acquired, health care associated, hospital acquired, ventilator associated
17
Pneumonia prevention
CORRECT ANSWER: Pneumococcal vaccine, flu vaccine, coughing and deep breathing, hand washing,
frequent mouth care, continuous suction for VAP
18
Pneumonia risk factors
CORRECT ANSWER: Advanced age, lung disease, smoking, suppressed immunity, confined to bed, post-op
19
Pneumonia symptoms
CORRECT ANSWER: Coughing, fatigue, pleuritic pain, fever, increased WBC, rust colored sputum, crackles,
tachypnea
