CLTM STUDY 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
Automatisms that typically involve the hands and mouth, such
as lip smacking, chewing, and picking motions, tend to originate
from this lobe of the brain - correct answer-Mesial temporal
In "Figure 4" arm posturing commonly seen in temporal lobe
epilepsy, you would expect to see ipsilateral (flexion or
extension) and contralateral (flexion or extention) - correct
answer-Ipsilateral flexion, contralateral extension
This drug initially produces diffuse beta, followed by
generalized slowing, followed then by burst-suppression and
finally, (if titrated further) ECS:
a. Diazepam
b. Lorazepam
c. Phenobarbitol
d. Propofol
e. All of the above - correct answer-All of the above
,OIRDA is often associated (i.e. 20-40%) with this type of
epilepsy.
a. Absence epilepsy
b. Frontal lobe epilepsy
c. Benign rolandic epilepsy
d. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy - correct answer-Absence
Epilepsy
When the frequency of LPDs (PLEDS) exceeds
_____________, there is significant risk of seizures.
a. 0.5 - 1 Hz
b. 1.5 - 2 Hz
c. 4 - 5 Hz
d. 5 - 7 Hz - correct answer-1.5 - 2 Hz
Distinctive, high amplitude, diphasic spike or sharp wave in
Midtemporal (T3, T4) and central (C3, C4) regions with
prominent slow wave with marked Sleep Activation is
associated with this type of epilepsy - correct answer-Benign
Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE)
An interictal chaotic, high voltage (>300 uV), asynchronous
background with intermixed multifocal spikes and sharp waves
,that is associated with epileptic seizures - correct answer-
Hypsarrhythmia
Most likely to be related to epilepsy; FIRDA, SREDA, TIRDA -
correct answer-TIRDA (temporal intermittent rhythmic delta
activity) is associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.
FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity) is relatively
nonspecific regarding etiology and tends to be seen more in
metabolic disorders and other diffuse encephalopathies.
SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic (Theta) discharges
in adults) is a benign varient found in adults over 50 during rest
and drowsiness consisting of widespread sharply contoured 20-
80 second runs of delta/theta waves bilaterally or lateralized,
sometimes maximal parietal/posterior/temporal.
Description of the ictal and interictal events of infantile spasms -
correct answer-Ictal: seizures are brief in duration and consist
of brief flexion and/or extension jerking movements. Dominated
by an electrodecremental response - a flattening / attenuation
of the EEG (not to be misinterpreted as burst suppression).
An interictal event (hypsarrhythmia) is seen only in this
syndrome and consists of a chaotic mixture of large
asyncronous slow waves and spikes.
, One or more waves which begin abruptly, clearly stands out
from the background EEG, reach maximum amplitude rapidly
and disappear suddenly - correct answer-Paroxysmal
discharge. Paroxysms often consist of complexes. They may
be normal (i.e sudden onset of drowsiness) or abnormal (i.e
epileptiform ictal or interictal patterns).
Rhythmic, sharp waveforms at 5-6 Hz, widespread and
maximal over the posterior area and can last between 10-80
seconds. A rare pattern most commonly occurs in adults over
the age of 50 in connection with HV - correct answer-
Subclinical rhythmic EEG discharges of adults (SREDA). like
RMTD likely to be misinterpreted as an ictal epileptiform
pattern.
Moderate to high voltage (100-300uV) blunt spike and slow
wave complexes occurring periodically or in clusters at
approximately 1.5-2.5 Hz with frontal predominance and an
anterior posterior time lag.
a. PLEDS
b. Burst-Suppression
c. SHIRDA
d. Triphasic Waves
E. FIRDA - correct answer-Triphasic waves
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
Automatisms that typically involve the hands and mouth, such
as lip smacking, chewing, and picking motions, tend to originate
from this lobe of the brain - correct answer-Mesial temporal
In "Figure 4" arm posturing commonly seen in temporal lobe
epilepsy, you would expect to see ipsilateral (flexion or
extension) and contralateral (flexion or extention) - correct
answer-Ipsilateral flexion, contralateral extension
This drug initially produces diffuse beta, followed by
generalized slowing, followed then by burst-suppression and
finally, (if titrated further) ECS:
a. Diazepam
b. Lorazepam
c. Phenobarbitol
d. Propofol
e. All of the above - correct answer-All of the above
,OIRDA is often associated (i.e. 20-40%) with this type of
epilepsy.
a. Absence epilepsy
b. Frontal lobe epilepsy
c. Benign rolandic epilepsy
d. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy - correct answer-Absence
Epilepsy
When the frequency of LPDs (PLEDS) exceeds
_____________, there is significant risk of seizures.
a. 0.5 - 1 Hz
b. 1.5 - 2 Hz
c. 4 - 5 Hz
d. 5 - 7 Hz - correct answer-1.5 - 2 Hz
Distinctive, high amplitude, diphasic spike or sharp wave in
Midtemporal (T3, T4) and central (C3, C4) regions with
prominent slow wave with marked Sleep Activation is
associated with this type of epilepsy - correct answer-Benign
Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE)
An interictal chaotic, high voltage (>300 uV), asynchronous
background with intermixed multifocal spikes and sharp waves
,that is associated with epileptic seizures - correct answer-
Hypsarrhythmia
Most likely to be related to epilepsy; FIRDA, SREDA, TIRDA -
correct answer-TIRDA (temporal intermittent rhythmic delta
activity) is associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.
FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity) is relatively
nonspecific regarding etiology and tends to be seen more in
metabolic disorders and other diffuse encephalopathies.
SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic (Theta) discharges
in adults) is a benign varient found in adults over 50 during rest
and drowsiness consisting of widespread sharply contoured 20-
80 second runs of delta/theta waves bilaterally or lateralized,
sometimes maximal parietal/posterior/temporal.
Description of the ictal and interictal events of infantile spasms -
correct answer-Ictal: seizures are brief in duration and consist
of brief flexion and/or extension jerking movements. Dominated
by an electrodecremental response - a flattening / attenuation
of the EEG (not to be misinterpreted as burst suppression).
An interictal event (hypsarrhythmia) is seen only in this
syndrome and consists of a chaotic mixture of large
asyncronous slow waves and spikes.
, One or more waves which begin abruptly, clearly stands out
from the background EEG, reach maximum amplitude rapidly
and disappear suddenly - correct answer-Paroxysmal
discharge. Paroxysms often consist of complexes. They may
be normal (i.e sudden onset of drowsiness) or abnormal (i.e
epileptiform ictal or interictal patterns).
Rhythmic, sharp waveforms at 5-6 Hz, widespread and
maximal over the posterior area and can last between 10-80
seconds. A rare pattern most commonly occurs in adults over
the age of 50 in connection with HV - correct answer-
Subclinical rhythmic EEG discharges of adults (SREDA). like
RMTD likely to be misinterpreted as an ictal epileptiform
pattern.
Moderate to high voltage (100-300uV) blunt spike and slow
wave complexes occurring periodically or in clusters at
approximately 1.5-2.5 Hz with frontal predominance and an
anterior posterior time lag.
a. PLEDS
b. Burst-Suppression
c. SHIRDA
d. Triphasic Waves
E. FIRDA - correct answer-Triphasic waves
