NURSING TEST PAPER ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ NURSING DEFINITIONS
Virginia Henderson
Answer: Nursing is that service to an individual that helps him to attain
or maintain a healthy state of mind or body. 1939
Assist the individual sick or well in the performance of those activities
contributing to health or its recovery that he would perform unaided if
he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge. And to do this in such
a way to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible. 1960
◉ Nursing a Social Policy
Answer: 1980. ANA- "Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human
responses to actual or potential health problems."
◉ Six essential features of professional nursing:
Answer: 1. Provision of a caring relationship that facilitates health and
healing
2. Attention to range of human experiences and responses to health and
illness within the physical and social environments
3. Integration of objective data with knowledge gained from an
appreciation of the patient or group's subjective experience
,4. Application of scientific knowledge to the processes of diagnosis and
treatment through the use of judgment and critical thinking
5. Advancement of professional nursing knowledge through scholarly
inquiry, and
6. Influence on social and public policy to promote social justice.
◉ WHAT IS A PROFESSION?
Answer: Occupation involves a unique practice that carries individual
responsibility and is based upon theoretical knowledge.
Privilege to practice is granted only after the individual has completed a
standardized program of highly specialized education and has
demonstrated an ability to meet the standards for practice.
The body of specialized knowledge is continually developed and
evaluated through continuing research.
The members are self-organizing and collectively assume the
responsibility of establishing standards for education in practice. They
continually evaluate the quality of services provided to protect the
individual members and the public.
◉ PROFESSIONALISM
Answer: Commitment and dedication to the occupation
Attitude, appearance and conduct of the individual
,◉ PROFESSIONAL VALUES
Answer: Caring, Altruism, Equality, Nonjudgmental, Freedom,
Esthetics, Human Dignity, Justice, Truth, Ethical Behavior
◉ PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIORS AND ATTRIBUTES
Answer: Appearance, Time-Management Skills, Self-discipline,
Maintenance of licensure/certification, Participation in
institutional/community activities, continuing education, nursing
research, Initiative, Motivation, Creativity
◉ Ancient Egypt health beliefs and practices
Answer: Valued personal health; preventive measures taken to appease
the gods
Developed specific laws on cleanliness, food use and preservation,
drinking, exercise, and sexual relations, and a pharmacopoeia with more
than 700 natural remedies
Women were hired by privileged families to care for the sick and to
assist with childbirth; Shiprah and Puah were midwives who saved the
baby Moses
◉ Ancient Palestine health beliefs and practices
Answer: Developed the Mosaic Code, one of the first organized methods
of disease control and prevention
, Hebrew priests took on the role of health inspectors
◉ Ancient Greece health beliefs
Answer: Believed that the gods and goddesses of Greek mythology
controlled health and illness
Temples built to honor Aesculapius, the god of medicine, were
designated to care for the sick
Hippocrates is considered the "father of medicine"
Aesculapius carried a staff intertwined with serpents, representing
wisdom and immortality; staff was the model for medical caduceus
◉ Hippocrates
Answer: the first to attribute disease to natural causes rather than
supernatural causes and curses of the gods
Scientific approach; patient-centered approach
◉ Ancient India health beliefs and practices
Answer: Vedas (2000-1200 BC), sacred Hindu books, were the source
of information about health practices
Developed procedures to perform major and minor surgical operations