1
ENR 3001 CERTIFIED QUALITY EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ ASSURED PASS
Sedimentary rock
Produced by the deposition of sediments (from suppression in
the air or water or by chemical precipitation) which become
hardened into rock over time ex- sandstone, shale, limestone
Metamorphic rock
Igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been altered by the
combined effects of heat and pressure ex- limestone altered
to marble, granite to gneiss and shale to slate
Residuum
Soils formed by weathering of rocks in place (sedimentary
native bedrock of ohio)
Colluvium
Weathered bedrock transported to the base of sloping terrain
due mainly to the action of gravity
Till
A dense, unsorted material deposited directly by glacial ice
,2
Outwash
Sorted material deposited by glacial meltwaters
Loess
Silt (sorted) carried by winds from glacial outwash to leeward
uplands, very well sorted an duniform silt about 50-2
micrometers; many soils in ohio have a 6 in to 3 ft thick mantle
of loess over a second, underlying parent material
Lacustrine sediments
Thinly stratified silts and clays deposited in glacial lakes
Beach deposits
Sandy sediments sorted by near shore water currents of
glacial lakes
Organic deposits
Occur within glaciated region, are parent materials for a
limited acreage of organic soils (>20% organic matter),
freshwater lakes and ponds many from retreating glaciers
Alluvium
,3
Materials recently deposited on the floodplains of modern
streams and rivers that form some of the most productive
soils throughout the state
Mineral
Naturally occurring, crystalline, inorganic phase with defined
composition and specific chemical and physical properties
Rapid cooling small crystal growth
Basalt (fe, mg, ca rich) and rhyolite (si, al, na, k rich)
Slow cooling large crystal growth
Gabbro (fe, mg, ca rich) and granite (si, al, na, k rich)
Stepwise
Assembly of silicate tetrahedral "building blocks" into
structures with higher degrees of bonding
Low temp crystallization of igneous rocks
Light-colored; si, al, na, k-rich; weather -resistant
, 4
High temp crystallization of igneous rocks
Dark colored; fe, mg, ca-rich; weather-susceptible
Igneous rock textures
Extrusive (volcanic): vesicular (very rapid cooling), glassy
(very rapid cooling), fine-grained (rapid cooling)
Intrusive (plutonic): coarse-grained (slow cooling)
Vesicular (very rapid cooling) igneous rocks
Felsic composition: pumice
Intermediate/ mafic composition: scoria
Ultramafic composition: none
Glassy (very rapid cooling) igneous rocks
Obsidian (only composition)
Fine-grained (rapid cooling) igneous rocks
Felsic composition: rhyolite
Intermediate composition: andesite
Mafic composition: basalt
ENR 3001 CERTIFIED QUALITY EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ ASSURED PASS
Sedimentary rock
Produced by the deposition of sediments (from suppression in
the air or water or by chemical precipitation) which become
hardened into rock over time ex- sandstone, shale, limestone
Metamorphic rock
Igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been altered by the
combined effects of heat and pressure ex- limestone altered
to marble, granite to gneiss and shale to slate
Residuum
Soils formed by weathering of rocks in place (sedimentary
native bedrock of ohio)
Colluvium
Weathered bedrock transported to the base of sloping terrain
due mainly to the action of gravity
Till
A dense, unsorted material deposited directly by glacial ice
,2
Outwash
Sorted material deposited by glacial meltwaters
Loess
Silt (sorted) carried by winds from glacial outwash to leeward
uplands, very well sorted an duniform silt about 50-2
micrometers; many soils in ohio have a 6 in to 3 ft thick mantle
of loess over a second, underlying parent material
Lacustrine sediments
Thinly stratified silts and clays deposited in glacial lakes
Beach deposits
Sandy sediments sorted by near shore water currents of
glacial lakes
Organic deposits
Occur within glaciated region, are parent materials for a
limited acreage of organic soils (>20% organic matter),
freshwater lakes and ponds many from retreating glaciers
Alluvium
,3
Materials recently deposited on the floodplains of modern
streams and rivers that form some of the most productive
soils throughout the state
Mineral
Naturally occurring, crystalline, inorganic phase with defined
composition and specific chemical and physical properties
Rapid cooling small crystal growth
Basalt (fe, mg, ca rich) and rhyolite (si, al, na, k rich)
Slow cooling large crystal growth
Gabbro (fe, mg, ca rich) and granite (si, al, na, k rich)
Stepwise
Assembly of silicate tetrahedral "building blocks" into
structures with higher degrees of bonding
Low temp crystallization of igneous rocks
Light-colored; si, al, na, k-rich; weather -resistant
, 4
High temp crystallization of igneous rocks
Dark colored; fe, mg, ca-rich; weather-susceptible
Igneous rock textures
Extrusive (volcanic): vesicular (very rapid cooling), glassy
(very rapid cooling), fine-grained (rapid cooling)
Intrusive (plutonic): coarse-grained (slow cooling)
Vesicular (very rapid cooling) igneous rocks
Felsic composition: pumice
Intermediate/ mafic composition: scoria
Ultramafic composition: none
Glassy (very rapid cooling) igneous rocks
Obsidian (only composition)
Fine-grained (rapid cooling) igneous rocks
Felsic composition: rhyolite
Intermediate composition: andesite
Mafic composition: basalt
