PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM zm
Exam Solution
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NSG 530 2 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLU
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TIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (66488) zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 1 zm
alveoli epithelial cells
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ANSWER
Type I alveolar cells (alveolar structure) Type II alveolar cells (surfactant production)
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QUESTION 2 zm
1.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pulmonary system? A.Each lobe is divi
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ded into bronchi. B.The left lobe is divided into three lobes. C.The mediastinum contai
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ns the lungs and heart. D.The larynx connects the upper and lower airways.
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ANSWER
Correct Answer: D The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. The mediastinum is located be
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tween the lungs and contains the heart, great vessels, andesophagus. The right lung has three lobes,
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and the left lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments and lobules
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QUESTION 3 zm
Neurochemical control: Respiratory center zm zm zm
ANSWER
•Dorsal and ventral respiratory groups •Pneumotaxic and apneustic centers
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QUESTION 4 zm
Neurochemical control: Lung receptors zm zm zm
ANSWER
•Irritant receptors •Stretch receptors
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, QUESTION 5 zm
Neurochemical control: Chemoreceptors: zm zm
ANSWER
Central chemoreceptors Peripheral chemoreceptors
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QUESTION 6 zm
Muscles of Breathing: Major muscles of inspiration
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ANSWER
Diaphragm External intercostals zm zm
QUESTION 7 zm
Muscles of Breathing: Accessory muscles of inspiration
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ANSWER
ØSternocleidomastoid muscle ØScalene muscles zm zm zm
QUESTION 8 zm
Mechanics of Breathing: Gas Transport zm zm zm zm
ANSWER
Four steps ØVentilation of the lungs ØDiffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillary blood Ø
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Perfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood ØDiffusion of oxygen from systemic capillari
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es into the cells Diffusion of CO2 occurs in reverse order
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QUESTION 9 zm
1.A patient has bulbous enlargement of the distal segments of the fingers. Which disea
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se is associated with this condition? A.Cystic fibrosis B.Acute pneumonia C.Sickle cell d
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isease D.Acute myocardial infarction
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ANSWER
A This condition describes clubbing, in which there is enlargement of the distal segment of the finge
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r. It is associated with conditions of decreased oxygenation such as bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pu
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lmonary fibrosis, lung abscess, and congenital heart disease.
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QUESTION 10 zm
Exam Solution
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NSG 530 2 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLU
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TIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (66488) zm zm zm zm
QUESTION 1 zm
alveoli epithelial cells
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ANSWER
Type I alveolar cells (alveolar structure) Type II alveolar cells (surfactant production)
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QUESTION 2 zm
1.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pulmonary system? A.Each lobe is divi
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ded into bronchi. B.The left lobe is divided into three lobes. C.The mediastinum contai
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ns the lungs and heart. D.The larynx connects the upper and lower airways.
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ANSWER
Correct Answer: D The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. The mediastinum is located be
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tween the lungs and contains the heart, great vessels, andesophagus. The right lung has three lobes,
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and the left lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments and lobules
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QUESTION 3 zm
Neurochemical control: Respiratory center zm zm zm
ANSWER
•Dorsal and ventral respiratory groups •Pneumotaxic and apneustic centers
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QUESTION 4 zm
Neurochemical control: Lung receptors zm zm zm
ANSWER
•Irritant receptors •Stretch receptors
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, QUESTION 5 zm
Neurochemical control: Chemoreceptors: zm zm
ANSWER
Central chemoreceptors Peripheral chemoreceptors
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QUESTION 6 zm
Muscles of Breathing: Major muscles of inspiration
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ANSWER
Diaphragm External intercostals zm zm
QUESTION 7 zm
Muscles of Breathing: Accessory muscles of inspiration
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ANSWER
ØSternocleidomastoid muscle ØScalene muscles zm zm zm
QUESTION 8 zm
Mechanics of Breathing: Gas Transport zm zm zm zm
ANSWER
Four steps ØVentilation of the lungs ØDiffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillary blood Ø
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Perfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood ØDiffusion of oxygen from systemic capillari
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es into the cells Diffusion of CO2 occurs in reverse order
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QUESTION 9 zm
1.A patient has bulbous enlargement of the distal segments of the fingers. Which disea
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se is associated with this condition? A.Cystic fibrosis B.Acute pneumonia C.Sickle cell d
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isease D.Acute myocardial infarction
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ANSWER
A This condition describes clubbing, in which there is enlargement of the distal segment of the finge
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r. It is associated with conditions of decreased oxygenation such as bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pu
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lmonary fibrosis, lung abscess, and congenital heart disease.
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QUESTION 10 zm
