COPD FINAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL PRACTICE SOLUTION

COPD FINAL PAPER SOLVED QUESTIONS
WITH FULL PRACTICE SOLUTION

●● COPD
Answer: Combination of Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema


●● Chronic Bronchitis
Answer: Excessive bronchial mucus.
Daily productive cough >3 months in 2 consecutive years.
Bronchiolar fibrosis
Hyper-responsiveness
Excessive mucus production
- hypertrophy of mucosal glands
- Increase in number of goblet cells
- Inflammatory infiltration


●● Emphysema
Answer: Abnormal permanent enlargement of air space distal to terminal
bronchiole.
Destruction of alveolar walls without obvious fibrosis.
Loss of elastic recoil leads to increased lung compliance.

, Genetic risk factor *Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency*- may not ever
smoke.


●● COPD Epidemiology
Answer: 2004 - 64 million cases worldwide, accounting for 6-10% of
adult population
2005 - 3 million related deaths (5% of all deaths)
Total deaths are projected to increase by 30% in the next 10 years as a
result of the baby boomer generation.
Affects men and women equally.
50% of smokers are affected
80% of diagnosed patients have significant exposure to tobacco smoke.


●● COPD Causes and Risk Factors
Answer: Host factors
-Genetic predisposition - hereditary deficiency of a-1-antitrypsin
glycoprotein
-Airway hyper-responsiveness
-Retarded lung growth
Exposures
-Tobacco somke
-Occupational dusts and chemicals
-Environmental exposures