INBDE PHARMACOLOGY STUDY
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Half-life. Answer: Amount of time required to clear half of a drug's
active substance from the body.
◉ Zero-order reaction. Answer: Half-life depends on initial
concentration and rate constant.
◉ First-order reaction. Answer: Half-life depends on rate constant.
◉ Pharmacodynamics. Answer: How the drug affects the body.
◉ Bisphosphonates. Answer: Used to treat Paget's disease, osteoporosis,
hypercalcemia of malignancy.
◉ Bisphosphonate potency order. Answer: Etidronate > pamidronate >
alendronate > risedronate > zoledronate/minodronate.
◉ MOA of Bisphosphonates. Answer: Inhibit osteoclasts, trigger
apoptosis of osteoclasts and inhibit angiogenesis.
◉ Loop diuretic. Answer: Furosemide; inhibits Na/K/Cl channels.
, ◉ Thiazide diuretic. Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide; inhibits Na/Cl
channels.
◉ Potassium sparing diuretic. Answer: Spironolactone; antagonizes
aldosterone receptors.
◉ Vasodilators. Answer: Anti-hypertensive agents that cause direct
vasodilation of blood vessels.
◉ Calcium channel blockers. Answer: Diltiazem; side effect includes
gingival hyperplasia.
◉ ACE inhibitors. Answer: Lisinopril; blocks angiotensin converting
enzyme.
◉ Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Answer: Losartan; blocks the
angiotensin receptor.
◉ Anti-anginal. Answer: Nitroglycerin; releases nitric oxide and causes
smooth muscle vasodilation in coronary arteries.
◉ Anti-congestive heart failure. Answer: Digoxin; blocks Na/K ATPase
and increases calcium influx.
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Half-life. Answer: Amount of time required to clear half of a drug's
active substance from the body.
◉ Zero-order reaction. Answer: Half-life depends on initial
concentration and rate constant.
◉ First-order reaction. Answer: Half-life depends on rate constant.
◉ Pharmacodynamics. Answer: How the drug affects the body.
◉ Bisphosphonates. Answer: Used to treat Paget's disease, osteoporosis,
hypercalcemia of malignancy.
◉ Bisphosphonate potency order. Answer: Etidronate > pamidronate >
alendronate > risedronate > zoledronate/minodronate.
◉ MOA of Bisphosphonates. Answer: Inhibit osteoclasts, trigger
apoptosis of osteoclasts and inhibit angiogenesis.
◉ Loop diuretic. Answer: Furosemide; inhibits Na/K/Cl channels.
, ◉ Thiazide diuretic. Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide; inhibits Na/Cl
channels.
◉ Potassium sparing diuretic. Answer: Spironolactone; antagonizes
aldosterone receptors.
◉ Vasodilators. Answer: Anti-hypertensive agents that cause direct
vasodilation of blood vessels.
◉ Calcium channel blockers. Answer: Diltiazem; side effect includes
gingival hyperplasia.
◉ ACE inhibitors. Answer: Lisinopril; blocks angiotensin converting
enzyme.
◉ Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Answer: Losartan; blocks the
angiotensin receptor.
◉ Anti-anginal. Answer: Nitroglycerin; releases nitric oxide and causes
smooth muscle vasodilation in coronary arteries.
◉ Anti-congestive heart failure. Answer: Digoxin; blocks Na/K ATPase
and increases calcium influx.
