INBDE PHARMACOLOGY TEST BANK
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ Ester. Answer: Local anesthetic category, metabolized by
pseudocholinesterase in plasma, less commonly used due to higher
toxicity and allergenicity due to methylparaben; ex: procaine, cocaine,
tetracaine, benzocaine
◉ Lidocaine (xylocaine, 2%). Answer: Amide local anesthetic, safest in
children, pKa 7.8
◉ Bupivicaine (marcaine, 0.5%). Answer: Amide local anesthetic, not
safe in children, longest duration, pKa 8.1
◉ Mepivicaine (carbocaine, polocaine, 2 and 3%). Answer: Amide local
anesthetic, causes least vasodilation, only LA packaged without
vasoconstrictor, pKa 7.6
◉ Articaine (septocaine, 4%). Answer: Amide and ester local anesthetic,
has one ester chain, shortest duration, pKa 7.8
◉ Prilocaine (citanest). Answer: Amide local anesthetic,
methemglobinemia, pKa 7.8
,◉ Benzocaine. Answer: Ester local anesthetic, commonly used as
topical anesthetic
◉ Local anesthetic. Answer: Sodium channel blocker, only non-ionized
form can penetrate neuron membrane
◉ Acidic. Answer: Local anesthetic are less effective in ____ tissues
◉ Pharmacodynamics. Answer: What the drug does to the body
◉ Pharmacokinetics. Answer: What the body does to the drug
◉ Increases. Answer: Greater lipid solubility ____ potency and duration
of action
◉ Faster. Answer: Lower pKa, ____ onset of action
◉ Vasoconstrictor. Answer: Purpose of ____: prolong numbness, reduce
toxicity, promote hemostasis
◉ 0.2. Answer: Maximum epinephrine for healthy patient: ____mg
◉ 0.04. Answer: Maximum epinephrine for cardiac patient: ____mg
, ◉ 4.4. Answer: Maximum lidocaine without vasoconstrictor:
____mg/kg
◉ 7. Answer: Maximum lidocaine with vasoconstrictor: ____mg/kg
◉ Larger. Answer: ____ diameter needles have better aspiration, less
deflection, and less breakage
◉ Inferior alveolar nerve block. Answer: Injection, highest failure rate,
numbs all mandibular teeth in quadrant, half of tongue (lingual nerve),
lips and gingiva facial to anteriors and premolars
◉ Buccal nerve block. Answer: Injection, done in tandem with IAN,
numbs gingival buccal to mandibular molars
◉ Mental nerve block. Answer: Injection, locate rubbery bundle with
finger, mental foramen by apices of mandibular premolars, numbs soft
tissue facial to mandibular anteriors and premolars, doesn't numb teeth
◉ Incisive nerve block. Answer: Injection, same as mental nerve block
except hold pressure for two minutes after injection to force anesthetic
into mental foramen
◉ Posterior superior alveolar block. Answer: Injection, 16mm depth
(half length of long needle), 45 degree angle up and in, high hematoma
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ Ester. Answer: Local anesthetic category, metabolized by
pseudocholinesterase in plasma, less commonly used due to higher
toxicity and allergenicity due to methylparaben; ex: procaine, cocaine,
tetracaine, benzocaine
◉ Lidocaine (xylocaine, 2%). Answer: Amide local anesthetic, safest in
children, pKa 7.8
◉ Bupivicaine (marcaine, 0.5%). Answer: Amide local anesthetic, not
safe in children, longest duration, pKa 8.1
◉ Mepivicaine (carbocaine, polocaine, 2 and 3%). Answer: Amide local
anesthetic, causes least vasodilation, only LA packaged without
vasoconstrictor, pKa 7.6
◉ Articaine (septocaine, 4%). Answer: Amide and ester local anesthetic,
has one ester chain, shortest duration, pKa 7.8
◉ Prilocaine (citanest). Answer: Amide local anesthetic,
methemglobinemia, pKa 7.8
,◉ Benzocaine. Answer: Ester local anesthetic, commonly used as
topical anesthetic
◉ Local anesthetic. Answer: Sodium channel blocker, only non-ionized
form can penetrate neuron membrane
◉ Acidic. Answer: Local anesthetic are less effective in ____ tissues
◉ Pharmacodynamics. Answer: What the drug does to the body
◉ Pharmacokinetics. Answer: What the body does to the drug
◉ Increases. Answer: Greater lipid solubility ____ potency and duration
of action
◉ Faster. Answer: Lower pKa, ____ onset of action
◉ Vasoconstrictor. Answer: Purpose of ____: prolong numbness, reduce
toxicity, promote hemostasis
◉ 0.2. Answer: Maximum epinephrine for healthy patient: ____mg
◉ 0.04. Answer: Maximum epinephrine for cardiac patient: ____mg
, ◉ 4.4. Answer: Maximum lidocaine without vasoconstrictor:
____mg/kg
◉ 7. Answer: Maximum lidocaine with vasoconstrictor: ____mg/kg
◉ Larger. Answer: ____ diameter needles have better aspiration, less
deflection, and less breakage
◉ Inferior alveolar nerve block. Answer: Injection, highest failure rate,
numbs all mandibular teeth in quadrant, half of tongue (lingual nerve),
lips and gingiva facial to anteriors and premolars
◉ Buccal nerve block. Answer: Injection, done in tandem with IAN,
numbs gingival buccal to mandibular molars
◉ Mental nerve block. Answer: Injection, locate rubbery bundle with
finger, mental foramen by apices of mandibular premolars, numbs soft
tissue facial to mandibular anteriors and premolars, doesn't numb teeth
◉ Incisive nerve block. Answer: Injection, same as mental nerve block
except hold pressure for two minutes after injection to force anesthetic
into mental foramen
◉ Posterior superior alveolar block. Answer: Injection, 16mm depth
(half length of long needle), 45 degree angle up and in, high hematoma
