IND 123 MIDTERM ACTUAL EXAM
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ What are key characteristics of a culturally competent psychologist?.
Answer: Self-awareness of personal biases and assumptions
◍ cultural diffusion.
Answer: The spread of cultural traits (beliefs, technology, language,
religion) from one society to another
◍ significance of cultural diffusion.
Answer: explains how globalization spreads ideas, often benefiting
dominant cultures while weakening indigenous traditions
◍ Why is knowledge of systemic influences important for psychologists?.
Answer: Because systemic inequality impacts mental health and client
experience
◍ ethnocentrism.
Answer: judging other cultures by the standards of one's culture
◍ How should culturally competent psychologists adapt their communication?.
Answer: By adjusting communication styles to fit clients' cultural contexts.
◍ significance of ethnocentrism.
Answer: fueled imperialism, racism, and genocide by justifying the belief
that some cultures were "superior"
◍ ethnicity.
Answer: shared culture in addition to genetics - it is the inherited
characteristics and the practices, values, and customs, and beliefs of a group
◍ What role does advocacy play in cultural competence?.
, Answer: Advocating for clients facing systemic barriers.
◍ What does it mean to be culturally competent in practice?.
Answer: Integrating a client's cultural identity into assessment, diagnosis,
and treatment.
◍ What is cultural humility?.
Answer: A lifelong commitment to self-evaluation, openness, and
recognizing power dynamics.
◍ How does cultural competence differ from cultural humility?.
Answer: Competence focuses on skills and knowledge; humility emphasizes
ongoing growth and self-critique.
◍ significance of ethnicity.
Answer: used to unify groups and to marginalize or persecute them
◍ prejudice.
Answer: the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes someone holds about a
group
◍ significance of prejudice.
Answer: leads to discrimination and segregation
◍ Why does cultural humility require collaboration?.
Answer: Because clients are experts in their own cultural experiences.
◍ How does systemic inequality affect mental health?.
Answer: It shapes access to resources, experiences of discrimination, and
overall wellbeing.
◍ stereotype.
Answer: a beliefs about an individual based on the real or imagined
characteristics of a group to which that individual belongs
◍ What should therapists avoid when working with culturally diverse clients?.
Answer: Pathologizing culturally normative behaviors.
◍ significance of stereotype.
, Answer: reinforce prejudice and justify mistreatment of minority groups
◍ What is a therapist's responsibility regarding oppressive systems?.
Answer: To challenge them when possible and promote equity in care.
◍ What are microaggressions?.
Answer: Subtle, often unintentional behaviors or comments that convey
negative stereotypes.
◍ What impact can microaggressions have in therapy?.
Answer: Stress, invalidation, and mistrust.
◍ race.
Answer: A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits
◍ significance of race.
Answer: no biological basis but has been used to justify slavery,
colonialism, and genocide
◍ What is colorblindness in multicultural psychology?.
Answer: The belief that ignoring race promotes equality.
◍ genocide.
Answer: the intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious
group
◍ Why is colorblindness harmful?.
Answer: It invalidates discrimination experiences and damages therapeutic
rapport.
◍ significance of genocide.
Answer: represents the most extreme outcome of ethnocentrism and
prejudice
◍ mercantilism.
Answer: economic theory to acquire as much gold and silver as possible -
encourages creation of colonies
◍ What does the ADDRESSING model represent?.
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ What are key characteristics of a culturally competent psychologist?.
Answer: Self-awareness of personal biases and assumptions
◍ cultural diffusion.
Answer: The spread of cultural traits (beliefs, technology, language,
religion) from one society to another
◍ significance of cultural diffusion.
Answer: explains how globalization spreads ideas, often benefiting
dominant cultures while weakening indigenous traditions
◍ Why is knowledge of systemic influences important for psychologists?.
Answer: Because systemic inequality impacts mental health and client
experience
◍ ethnocentrism.
Answer: judging other cultures by the standards of one's culture
◍ How should culturally competent psychologists adapt their communication?.
Answer: By adjusting communication styles to fit clients' cultural contexts.
◍ significance of ethnocentrism.
Answer: fueled imperialism, racism, and genocide by justifying the belief
that some cultures were "superior"
◍ ethnicity.
Answer: shared culture in addition to genetics - it is the inherited
characteristics and the practices, values, and customs, and beliefs of a group
◍ What role does advocacy play in cultural competence?.
, Answer: Advocating for clients facing systemic barriers.
◍ What does it mean to be culturally competent in practice?.
Answer: Integrating a client's cultural identity into assessment, diagnosis,
and treatment.
◍ What is cultural humility?.
Answer: A lifelong commitment to self-evaluation, openness, and
recognizing power dynamics.
◍ How does cultural competence differ from cultural humility?.
Answer: Competence focuses on skills and knowledge; humility emphasizes
ongoing growth and self-critique.
◍ significance of ethnicity.
Answer: used to unify groups and to marginalize or persecute them
◍ prejudice.
Answer: the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes someone holds about a
group
◍ significance of prejudice.
Answer: leads to discrimination and segregation
◍ Why does cultural humility require collaboration?.
Answer: Because clients are experts in their own cultural experiences.
◍ How does systemic inequality affect mental health?.
Answer: It shapes access to resources, experiences of discrimination, and
overall wellbeing.
◍ stereotype.
Answer: a beliefs about an individual based on the real or imagined
characteristics of a group to which that individual belongs
◍ What should therapists avoid when working with culturally diverse clients?.
Answer: Pathologizing culturally normative behaviors.
◍ significance of stereotype.
, Answer: reinforce prejudice and justify mistreatment of minority groups
◍ What is a therapist's responsibility regarding oppressive systems?.
Answer: To challenge them when possible and promote equity in care.
◍ What are microaggressions?.
Answer: Subtle, often unintentional behaviors or comments that convey
negative stereotypes.
◍ What impact can microaggressions have in therapy?.
Answer: Stress, invalidation, and mistrust.
◍ race.
Answer: A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits
◍ significance of race.
Answer: no biological basis but has been used to justify slavery,
colonialism, and genocide
◍ What is colorblindness in multicultural psychology?.
Answer: The belief that ignoring race promotes equality.
◍ genocide.
Answer: the intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious
group
◍ Why is colorblindness harmful?.
Answer: It invalidates discrimination experiences and damages therapeutic
rapport.
◍ significance of genocide.
Answer: represents the most extreme outcome of ethnocentrism and
prejudice
◍ mercantilism.
Answer: economic theory to acquire as much gold and silver as possible -
encourages creation of colonies
◍ What does the ADDRESSING model represent?.
