IND 123 MIDTERM PRACTICE
EXAMINATION 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ what is indigenous studies?.
Answer: Objective- chart what it is, define key concepts that will guide the
course. Ex indignity, settler colonialism, race and racialization, whiteness
Indg studies is also...Native Studies / American Indian Studies Māori
Studies South American / Latin American Studies Pacific Indigenous and
Hawaiian Studies Sámi Studies Australian Indigenous Studies
◍ How did stereotypes about Native peoples serve colonists' interests during
settler-colonial expansion?.
Answer: - Colonists portrayed Native peoples as "primitive" or
"disappearing."- This justified taking Indigenous land and resources.-
Ignored Native political sovereignty and complex societies.- Helped settlers
claim control over land and governance
◍ Settler Colonialism.
Answer: - Relational production b/w indg peoples and their territory and
colonialism -Dif between settler colonialism and other forms of colonialism
(mercantile/economic, social/cultural) - Different than just colonialism.
settlers come to stay. invasion is a structure not an event
◍ How has the federal government used physical characteristics or genetic
factors to misrepresent Native identities?.
Answer: - Government used racial ideas like blood quantum.- Defined
Native identity by biology instead of tribal citizenship.- Reduced Indigenous
identity to physical traits or genetics.- Allowed the government to control
who counts as "Native."
,◍ logic of elimination.
Answer: - genocide and cultural genocide - indigeneity endures, resists,
persists - Don't think of colonization as having succeeded in elimination
◍ How do Diné experiences show misrepresentation of Native identity?.
Answer: - U.S. policies reshaped Diné governance and land boundaries.-
Colonial laws redefined Diné identity through federal systems.- Traditional
Diné concepts of land and identity conflicted with colonial definitions.
◍ Indigeneity/ Enduring Indigeneity.
Answer: - Relational production between people and place - Indigeneity is
an analytic, not an identity. Indigeneity describes a certain set of
relationships to colonialism, anticolonialism, and specific lands and places. -
In Canada, legally defined Indianness or constitutionally defined
Aboriginality. - Relies on haecceities of racialized, gendered, bio-symbols
(genetic notions of "Native American DNA") that epistemologically and
materially pervert and reorder Indigenous peoples' relations to place and to
each other
◍ race/racialization.
Answer: - Race produced through the process of how peoples are targeted
for the specific aims of carrying out settler colonialism- Race constructed
and structured through colonialism - Genocide + settler colonialism both
employed an "organizing grammar (underlying structure) of race"
◍ The Settler Colonial Triad.
Answer: - The settlers / owning property on top - Indigenous peoples/ being
made propertyless - "chattel" slaves/ being property
◍ How do Lumbee experiences show misrepresentation of Native identity?.
Answer: - Lumbee identity was questioned because they did not fit
stereotypes.- Outsiders used racial appearance instead of community
identity.- Lumbee had to fight for recognition and legitimacy.
◍ What reservation challenges did Wisconsin tribes face?.
Answer: - Forced removal from homelands.- Land loss through treaties.-
, Fragmented reservations and limited resources.
◍ How did the Ho-Chunk address reservation challenges?.
Answer: - Forced removal multiple times in the 1800s.- Many returned to
Wisconsin despite government pressure.- Rebuilt communities and land
bases
◍ Miskâsowin.
Answer: Finding one's sense of origin and belonging; finding yourself or
finding your Centre.
◍ How did the Ojibwe address reservation challenges?.
Answer: - Maintained treaty rights and land connections.- Protected fishing
and hunting traditions.- Built strong tribal governments and economies.
◍ re/iteration.
Answer: Names for Indg People/ "re-iterations"
◍ How did settler colonialism disrupt Native spiritual relationships to land?.
Answer: - Forced removals separated people from sacred lands.- Traditional
lifeways (hunting, ceremonies) were disrupted.- Colonial governments
imposed new land systems.
◍ Whiteness.
Answer: - Perceived as unnamed, unmarked, and invisible, a norm that
operates within institutions - The invisible norm against which other races
are judged in the construction of identity, representation, decision-making,
and subjectivity, nationalism, knowledge production and the law"
(Moreton-Robinson, 2006)
◍ How did the Lakota experience land disruption?.
Answer: - Reservations limited access to traditional lands.- Cultural
practices tied to land were restricted.
◍ Ôtênaw.
Answer: - Rutherford 1908-1910 Albertas first premier introduced
legislation for the campus - The Papaschase (Cree) Treaty 6 (Edmonton)
EXAMINATION 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ what is indigenous studies?.
Answer: Objective- chart what it is, define key concepts that will guide the
course. Ex indignity, settler colonialism, race and racialization, whiteness
Indg studies is also...Native Studies / American Indian Studies Māori
Studies South American / Latin American Studies Pacific Indigenous and
Hawaiian Studies Sámi Studies Australian Indigenous Studies
◍ How did stereotypes about Native peoples serve colonists' interests during
settler-colonial expansion?.
Answer: - Colonists portrayed Native peoples as "primitive" or
"disappearing."- This justified taking Indigenous land and resources.-
Ignored Native political sovereignty and complex societies.- Helped settlers
claim control over land and governance
◍ Settler Colonialism.
Answer: - Relational production b/w indg peoples and their territory and
colonialism -Dif between settler colonialism and other forms of colonialism
(mercantile/economic, social/cultural) - Different than just colonialism.
settlers come to stay. invasion is a structure not an event
◍ How has the federal government used physical characteristics or genetic
factors to misrepresent Native identities?.
Answer: - Government used racial ideas like blood quantum.- Defined
Native identity by biology instead of tribal citizenship.- Reduced Indigenous
identity to physical traits or genetics.- Allowed the government to control
who counts as "Native."
,◍ logic of elimination.
Answer: - genocide and cultural genocide - indigeneity endures, resists,
persists - Don't think of colonization as having succeeded in elimination
◍ How do Diné experiences show misrepresentation of Native identity?.
Answer: - U.S. policies reshaped Diné governance and land boundaries.-
Colonial laws redefined Diné identity through federal systems.- Traditional
Diné concepts of land and identity conflicted with colonial definitions.
◍ Indigeneity/ Enduring Indigeneity.
Answer: - Relational production between people and place - Indigeneity is
an analytic, not an identity. Indigeneity describes a certain set of
relationships to colonialism, anticolonialism, and specific lands and places. -
In Canada, legally defined Indianness or constitutionally defined
Aboriginality. - Relies on haecceities of racialized, gendered, bio-symbols
(genetic notions of "Native American DNA") that epistemologically and
materially pervert and reorder Indigenous peoples' relations to place and to
each other
◍ race/racialization.
Answer: - Race produced through the process of how peoples are targeted
for the specific aims of carrying out settler colonialism- Race constructed
and structured through colonialism - Genocide + settler colonialism both
employed an "organizing grammar (underlying structure) of race"
◍ The Settler Colonial Triad.
Answer: - The settlers / owning property on top - Indigenous peoples/ being
made propertyless - "chattel" slaves/ being property
◍ How do Lumbee experiences show misrepresentation of Native identity?.
Answer: - Lumbee identity was questioned because they did not fit
stereotypes.- Outsiders used racial appearance instead of community
identity.- Lumbee had to fight for recognition and legitimacy.
◍ What reservation challenges did Wisconsin tribes face?.
Answer: - Forced removal from homelands.- Land loss through treaties.-
, Fragmented reservations and limited resources.
◍ How did the Ho-Chunk address reservation challenges?.
Answer: - Forced removal multiple times in the 1800s.- Many returned to
Wisconsin despite government pressure.- Rebuilt communities and land
bases
◍ Miskâsowin.
Answer: Finding one's sense of origin and belonging; finding yourself or
finding your Centre.
◍ How did the Ojibwe address reservation challenges?.
Answer: - Maintained treaty rights and land connections.- Protected fishing
and hunting traditions.- Built strong tribal governments and economies.
◍ re/iteration.
Answer: Names for Indg People/ "re-iterations"
◍ How did settler colonialism disrupt Native spiritual relationships to land?.
Answer: - Forced removals separated people from sacred lands.- Traditional
lifeways (hunting, ceremonies) were disrupted.- Colonial governments
imposed new land systems.
◍ Whiteness.
Answer: - Perceived as unnamed, unmarked, and invisible, a norm that
operates within institutions - The invisible norm against which other races
are judged in the construction of identity, representation, decision-making,
and subjectivity, nationalism, knowledge production and the law"
(Moreton-Robinson, 2006)
◍ How did the Lakota experience land disruption?.
Answer: - Reservations limited access to traditional lands.- Cultural
practices tied to land were restricted.
◍ Ôtênaw.
Answer: - Rutherford 1908-1910 Albertas first premier introduced
legislation for the campus - The Papaschase (Cree) Treaty 6 (Edmonton)
