Hondros Bio 253 exam 2
1. Neurons (Chapter 18) Communicating Cells
2. Cell body -contains ribosomes,
rough endoplasmic er,
Golgi apparatus
-Neurotransmitters are
packaged into vesticles
-provide proteins for
nerve fibers
3. Axon - each neuron has 1 axon
-carries impulses to target
cells
4. Axon Hillock Integrates incoming sig-
nals
5. Cytoskeleton -microtubules of microfil-
aments, as well as neu-
rofibrils (budles of neufil-
, Hondros Bio 253 exam 2
aments)
-allows transport of small
organelles
6. Classifications of neurons -Multipolar (motor are
typically multipolar)
Bipolar(rare, think of reti-
na)
Unipolar(pseudounipo-
lar)(sensory are usually
unipolar
7. Neurons have a limited capacity to repair themselves -If the damage is not ex-
tensive, the cell body and
the neurilemma are intact,
and scarring has not oc-
curred than nerve fibers
can be repaired
8. Stages of neuron repair -after injury distal portion
of the axon and myelin
sheath degenerate
-Macrophages remove
debris
, Hondros Bio 253 exam 2
-remaining neurilemma
and endoneurium form a
tunnel from the point of
injury to the effector
-new Shawanna cells can
grow in the tunnel to
maintain a path of re-
growth for the axon
9. Glia The supporting cells of the
central nervous system / 5
types
10. Astrocytes -Starshaped, Largest and
most numerous type of
glia
-cell extensions connect to
neurons and capillaries
-transfers the nutrients
from the blood to the neu-
ron.
-helps form and operate
synapse
, Hondros Bio 253 exam 2
11. Microglia -small usually stationary
cells
-phagocytes
12. Ependymal cells -lined fluid filled cavities in
the CNS
-make and circulate Cere-
brospinal fluid
13. Oligodendrocytes -smaller than astrocytes
and have fewer process-
es
-hold the nerve fibers to-
gether
-producer the myelin
sheath
1. Neurons (Chapter 18) Communicating Cells
2. Cell body -contains ribosomes,
rough endoplasmic er,
Golgi apparatus
-Neurotransmitters are
packaged into vesticles
-provide proteins for
nerve fibers
3. Axon - each neuron has 1 axon
-carries impulses to target
cells
4. Axon Hillock Integrates incoming sig-
nals
5. Cytoskeleton -microtubules of microfil-
aments, as well as neu-
rofibrils (budles of neufil-
, Hondros Bio 253 exam 2
aments)
-allows transport of small
organelles
6. Classifications of neurons -Multipolar (motor are
typically multipolar)
Bipolar(rare, think of reti-
na)
Unipolar(pseudounipo-
lar)(sensory are usually
unipolar
7. Neurons have a limited capacity to repair themselves -If the damage is not ex-
tensive, the cell body and
the neurilemma are intact,
and scarring has not oc-
curred than nerve fibers
can be repaired
8. Stages of neuron repair -after injury distal portion
of the axon and myelin
sheath degenerate
-Macrophages remove
debris
, Hondros Bio 253 exam 2
-remaining neurilemma
and endoneurium form a
tunnel from the point of
injury to the effector
-new Shawanna cells can
grow in the tunnel to
maintain a path of re-
growth for the axon
9. Glia The supporting cells of the
central nervous system / 5
types
10. Astrocytes -Starshaped, Largest and
most numerous type of
glia
-cell extensions connect to
neurons and capillaries
-transfers the nutrients
from the blood to the neu-
ron.
-helps form and operate
synapse
, Hondros Bio 253 exam 2
11. Microglia -small usually stationary
cells
-phagocytes
12. Ependymal cells -lined fluid filled cavities in
the CNS
-make and circulate Cere-
brospinal fluid
13. Oligodendrocytes -smaller than astrocytes
and have fewer process-
es
-hold the nerve fibers to-
gether
-producer the myelin
sheath
