IT2 Advancement Exam 1 Questions and
Answers Latest Versions 2026 Top Rated A+
Which layer of the OSI model is the session layer? (Page 1-
15)
5
Which layer of the OSI model is the presentation layer? (Page
1-15)
6
Which layer of the OSI model is the application layer? (Page
1-15)
7
Which layer of the OSI model addresses the electrical,
mechanical, and functional interface to the carrier? (Page 1-
14)
Physical
Which layer of the OSI model provides error-free
transmission of information over the physical medium?
(Page 1-14)
Data link
Which layer of the OSI model decides which physical
pathway the data should take? (Page 1-14)
Network
Which layer of the OSI model ensures data units are
delivered error-free, in sequence, with no losses or
duplications? (Page 1-15)
Transport
Which layer of the OSI model performs the functions that
enable two applications to communicate across the network,
performing security, name recognition, logging,
administration, and other similar functions? (Page 1-15)
Session
Which layer of the OSI model provides a common
,representation of data that can be used between the
application processes? (Page 1-15)
Presentation
Which layer of the OSI model provides data encryption for
privacy and authentication? (Page 1-15)
Presentation
Which layer of the OSI model represents the services that
directly support users and application tasks? (Page 1-15)
Application
What are the two most common types of twisted-pair media?
(Page 1-16)
22 and 24 gauge
What is the transmission rate of a T1 line? (Page 1-16)
1.5 Mbps
What is the transmission rate of a T2 line? (Page 1-16)
6.3 Mbps
What is the transmission rate of a T3 line? (Page 1-16)
46 Mbps
What is the transmission rate of a T4 line? (Page 1-16)
281 Mbps
Which layer of the OSI model do routers work on? (Page 2-2)
3
Which layer of the OSI model do gateways work on? (Page 2-
2)
7
Which device serves as a common termination point that can
relay signals along the appropriate paths? (Page 2-3)
Hub
Which type of transmission media is immune to interference
caused by electrical or electronic devices? (Page 2-4)
Fiber
Which type of cable refers to the cable that forms the main
trunk of a network? (Page 2-8)
Backbone
How many different types of backbone cable are recognized
by EIA/TIA-568? (Page 2-8)
4
,Which type of servers can be used as both a server and a
workstation? (Page 2-10)
Non-dedicated
What is defined as the decrease in signal strength, measured
in decibels (dB) per 100 feet? (Page 3-6)
Attenuation
What is used to try to eliminate the effects of certain types of
distortions on the signal? (Page 3-6)
Line conditioning
Which device is used to test the integrity of a section of
cable before the cable is even unwound? (Page 3-6)
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
What is ACP 125 for?
Prescribe Voice Procedures for use by the armed forces of Allied
Nations on secure and insecure tactical voice nets
What is a Callsign?
Figures, letters, or combinations of both used to identify a
COMMs station, an organization, or an individual on a radio net.
What information is it Mandatory to encode? (6 Items)
Positions identifying location of friendly forces or enemy locations
(If gathered by stealth)
Start Lines
Routes
Harbors and tides
Timings
Future Intentions
What is the collective title for the measures taken to protect
all aspects of Communications in order to deny information
and intelligence to an enemy?
COMSEC
What is the component of COMSEC which includes all
measures designed to protect Allied radio Transmissions
from enemy interception, analysis, and deception?
Transmission Security
What are the 3 General measures of Transmission security?
Interception
Analysis
, Deception
How can communications be considered "SAFE" from
interception?
No radio Transmission
Name methods that increase Maximum defense against
interception (7 items)
Radio Silence
Electronic Silence
Avoid Unnecessary Transmissions
Transmission Length
Procedure
Changing Frequency
Use of alternative means of Communications
Name measures against enemy traffic analysis (6 items)
1. Calling and answering - Call as few people as possible
2. Callsign Omission - Use callsigns as little as possible
3. Locations - Do not hint towards sensitive locations
4. Plain Language - NO NOT USE
5. Avoiding Compromise - Do not hint towards radio freq being
used
6. Standardization - Remain Anonymous, never use unit names in
clear
Name the 3 Best Defenses against Deception
Good Procedures
Constant Vigilance
Authentication
What are low level Codes?
Codes designed to provide protection for sensitive short-term
tactical information
What is a Code Word?
A codeword is a single word with a pre-arranged meaning, used
to establish a condition, an alert, or to initiate the implementation
of a plan or operation
Who prepares and issues the Code words?
The Operations Staff
What is an address Group?
A unique, daily changing group of four random letters used to
Answers Latest Versions 2026 Top Rated A+
Which layer of the OSI model is the session layer? (Page 1-
15)
5
Which layer of the OSI model is the presentation layer? (Page
1-15)
6
Which layer of the OSI model is the application layer? (Page
1-15)
7
Which layer of the OSI model addresses the electrical,
mechanical, and functional interface to the carrier? (Page 1-
14)
Physical
Which layer of the OSI model provides error-free
transmission of information over the physical medium?
(Page 1-14)
Data link
Which layer of the OSI model decides which physical
pathway the data should take? (Page 1-14)
Network
Which layer of the OSI model ensures data units are
delivered error-free, in sequence, with no losses or
duplications? (Page 1-15)
Transport
Which layer of the OSI model performs the functions that
enable two applications to communicate across the network,
performing security, name recognition, logging,
administration, and other similar functions? (Page 1-15)
Session
Which layer of the OSI model provides a common
,representation of data that can be used between the
application processes? (Page 1-15)
Presentation
Which layer of the OSI model provides data encryption for
privacy and authentication? (Page 1-15)
Presentation
Which layer of the OSI model represents the services that
directly support users and application tasks? (Page 1-15)
Application
What are the two most common types of twisted-pair media?
(Page 1-16)
22 and 24 gauge
What is the transmission rate of a T1 line? (Page 1-16)
1.5 Mbps
What is the transmission rate of a T2 line? (Page 1-16)
6.3 Mbps
What is the transmission rate of a T3 line? (Page 1-16)
46 Mbps
What is the transmission rate of a T4 line? (Page 1-16)
281 Mbps
Which layer of the OSI model do routers work on? (Page 2-2)
3
Which layer of the OSI model do gateways work on? (Page 2-
2)
7
Which device serves as a common termination point that can
relay signals along the appropriate paths? (Page 2-3)
Hub
Which type of transmission media is immune to interference
caused by electrical or electronic devices? (Page 2-4)
Fiber
Which type of cable refers to the cable that forms the main
trunk of a network? (Page 2-8)
Backbone
How many different types of backbone cable are recognized
by EIA/TIA-568? (Page 2-8)
4
,Which type of servers can be used as both a server and a
workstation? (Page 2-10)
Non-dedicated
What is defined as the decrease in signal strength, measured
in decibels (dB) per 100 feet? (Page 3-6)
Attenuation
What is used to try to eliminate the effects of certain types of
distortions on the signal? (Page 3-6)
Line conditioning
Which device is used to test the integrity of a section of
cable before the cable is even unwound? (Page 3-6)
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
What is ACP 125 for?
Prescribe Voice Procedures for use by the armed forces of Allied
Nations on secure and insecure tactical voice nets
What is a Callsign?
Figures, letters, or combinations of both used to identify a
COMMs station, an organization, or an individual on a radio net.
What information is it Mandatory to encode? (6 Items)
Positions identifying location of friendly forces or enemy locations
(If gathered by stealth)
Start Lines
Routes
Harbors and tides
Timings
Future Intentions
What is the collective title for the measures taken to protect
all aspects of Communications in order to deny information
and intelligence to an enemy?
COMSEC
What is the component of COMSEC which includes all
measures designed to protect Allied radio Transmissions
from enemy interception, analysis, and deception?
Transmission Security
What are the 3 General measures of Transmission security?
Interception
Analysis
, Deception
How can communications be considered "SAFE" from
interception?
No radio Transmission
Name methods that increase Maximum defense against
interception (7 items)
Radio Silence
Electronic Silence
Avoid Unnecessary Transmissions
Transmission Length
Procedure
Changing Frequency
Use of alternative means of Communications
Name measures against enemy traffic analysis (6 items)
1. Calling and answering - Call as few people as possible
2. Callsign Omission - Use callsigns as little as possible
3. Locations - Do not hint towards sensitive locations
4. Plain Language - NO NOT USE
5. Avoiding Compromise - Do not hint towards radio freq being
used
6. Standardization - Remain Anonymous, never use unit names in
clear
Name the 3 Best Defenses against Deception
Good Procedures
Constant Vigilance
Authentication
What are low level Codes?
Codes designed to provide protection for sensitive short-term
tactical information
What is a Code Word?
A codeword is a single word with a pre-arranged meaning, used
to establish a condition, an alert, or to initiate the implementation
of a plan or operation
Who prepares and issues the Code words?
The Operations Staff
What is an address Group?
A unique, daily changing group of four random letters used to
