CMY3709 INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY: DEFINITIONS,
SCHOOLS, AND CRIME CLASSIFICATIONS ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+|
||PROFESSOR VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||2026///2027!!!!
What is the origin of the word “criminology”?
Correct Answer: It comes from the Latin word crimen meaning “accusation” and
the Greek word logia meaning “to study”
Expert Rationale:
The term criminology is a hybrid linguistic construction combining Latin and
Greek roots. Crimen refers to accusation, charge, or wrongdoing in Latin, while
logia derives from Greek and refers to systematic study or discourse. Together, the
word reflects the academic study of crime, criminal behavior, and the societal
response to law-breaking. This etymology highlights criminology as an
interdisciplinary field grounded in both legal and analytical traditions.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Introduction to Criminology
OBJ: Identify the origin of criminology
TOP: Criminological Foundations
Who coined the term “criminologia”?
Correct Answer: Rafaelle Garofalo, an Italian law professor, in 1885
Expert Rationale:
Raffaele Garofalo, an Italian jurist and one of the founding figures of the positivist
school of criminology, introduced the term “criminologia” in 1885. His work
helped establish criminology as a distinct scientific discipline focused on
understanding criminal behavior through empirical observation and social analysis.
Garofalo’s contributions were instrumental in shifting criminology toward a more
systematic and scientific framework.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: History of Criminology
,OBJ: Identify origin of criminology term
TOP: Classical Criminology History
What does criminology primarily examine?
Correct Answer: The reasons for crime causation and why people commit crimes
despite the presence of laws
Expert Rationale:
Criminology primarily focuses on understanding why crime occurs and why
individuals engage in criminal behavior even when laws exist to prevent such
actions. It examines psychological, social, economic, and environmental factors
that contribute to criminality. By studying these causes, criminology aims to
inform prevention strategies, law enforcement policies, and rehabilitation
approaches.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Criminology Fundamentals
OBJ: Define criminology focus
TOP: Crime Causation Theory
What is criminogenesis?
Correct Answer: The study of the causes of crime causation
Expert Rationale:
Criminogenesis refers to the scientific study of how and why criminal behavior
originates. It focuses on identifying the underlying factors that lead to the
development of criminal tendencies, including biological, psychological, and social
influences. Understanding criminogenesis helps researchers and policymakers
develop strategies to prevent crime at its source rather than only responding after
offenses occur.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Crime Causation Theories
OBJ: Define criminogenesis
TOP: Criminological Theory
What is the focus of the study of reactions towards breaking laws?
Correct Answer: How criminals and the government react to law-breaking,
contributing to modern measures for treating offenders
,Expert Rationale:
This area of criminology examines the responses of both society and governmental
institutions to criminal behavior. It includes how law enforcement, courts, and
correctional systems respond to offenders, as well as how offenders themselves
react to punishment and legal sanctions. These reactions influence the development
of modern correctional policies and rehabilitation strategies aimed at reducing
recidivism.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Criminological Response Studies
OBJ: Identify focus of legal reaction studies
TOP: Criminal Justice Response Systems
Is criminology considered a science?
Correct Answer: George Wilker argued it cannot become a science due to lack of
universal validity, while Edwin H. Sutherland believed it could become one in the
future
Expert Rationale:
The classification of criminology as a science has been debated among scholars.
George Wilker argued that criminology lacks universal laws and consistent
predictability, making it difficult to classify as a true science. In contrast, Edwin H.
Sutherland viewed criminology as a developing scientific discipline that could
achieve scientific status through improved methods and empirical research. This
debate reflects the evolving nature of criminological study.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Philosophy of Criminology
OBJ: Explain scientific status of criminology
TOP: Criminological Theory Debate
What is Edwin Sutherland’s definition of criminology?
Correct Answer: A body of knowledge regarding delinquency and crime as a
social phenomenon, including the making and breaking of laws and reactions to
law-breaking
Expert Rationale:
Edwin H. Sutherland defined criminology as the systematic study of crime as a
social phenomenon, encompassing law creation, law violation, and societal
responses to criminal behavior. His definition emphasizes that crime must be
, understood within its social context rather than solely as an individual act. This
perspective significantly influenced modern sociological criminology.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Classical Criminological Theory
OBJ: Identify Sutherland’s definition
TOP: Sociological Criminology
What methods do criminologists use in their research?
Correct Answer: Objective research methods including analysis of existing
records, experimental designs, surveys, historical analysis, and content analysis
Expert Rationale:
Criminologists use a variety of empirical and systematic research methods to study
crime and criminal behavior. These include analyzing official records, conducting
surveys, designing controlled experiments, reviewing historical data, and
performing content analysis. These methods ensure that findings are based on
observable evidence and help improve the reliability and validity of criminological
conclusions.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Criminological Research Methods
OBJ: Identify research methods in criminology
TOP: Criminological Methodology
What does the making of laws in criminology involve?
Correct Answer: The examination of the nature and structure of laws in society to
understand crime causation
Expert Rationale:
The study of law-making in criminology focuses on how laws are created,
structured, and applied within society. It examines the social, political, and
economic factors that influence legislation and how these laws relate to patterns of
criminal behavior. Understanding law formation helps criminologists analyze why
certain behaviors are criminalized and how legal systems shape crime rates.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Law and Society Studies
OBJ: Explain law-making in criminology
TOP: Legal Foundations of Crime
SCHOOLS, AND CRIME CLASSIFICATIONS ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+|
||PROFESSOR VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||2026///2027!!!!
What is the origin of the word “criminology”?
Correct Answer: It comes from the Latin word crimen meaning “accusation” and
the Greek word logia meaning “to study”
Expert Rationale:
The term criminology is a hybrid linguistic construction combining Latin and
Greek roots. Crimen refers to accusation, charge, or wrongdoing in Latin, while
logia derives from Greek and refers to systematic study or discourse. Together, the
word reflects the academic study of crime, criminal behavior, and the societal
response to law-breaking. This etymology highlights criminology as an
interdisciplinary field grounded in both legal and analytical traditions.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Introduction to Criminology
OBJ: Identify the origin of criminology
TOP: Criminological Foundations
Who coined the term “criminologia”?
Correct Answer: Rafaelle Garofalo, an Italian law professor, in 1885
Expert Rationale:
Raffaele Garofalo, an Italian jurist and one of the founding figures of the positivist
school of criminology, introduced the term “criminologia” in 1885. His work
helped establish criminology as a distinct scientific discipline focused on
understanding criminal behavior through empirical observation and social analysis.
Garofalo’s contributions were instrumental in shifting criminology toward a more
systematic and scientific framework.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: History of Criminology
,OBJ: Identify origin of criminology term
TOP: Classical Criminology History
What does criminology primarily examine?
Correct Answer: The reasons for crime causation and why people commit crimes
despite the presence of laws
Expert Rationale:
Criminology primarily focuses on understanding why crime occurs and why
individuals engage in criminal behavior even when laws exist to prevent such
actions. It examines psychological, social, economic, and environmental factors
that contribute to criminality. By studying these causes, criminology aims to
inform prevention strategies, law enforcement policies, and rehabilitation
approaches.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Criminology Fundamentals
OBJ: Define criminology focus
TOP: Crime Causation Theory
What is criminogenesis?
Correct Answer: The study of the causes of crime causation
Expert Rationale:
Criminogenesis refers to the scientific study of how and why criminal behavior
originates. It focuses on identifying the underlying factors that lead to the
development of criminal tendencies, including biological, psychological, and social
influences. Understanding criminogenesis helps researchers and policymakers
develop strategies to prevent crime at its source rather than only responding after
offenses occur.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Crime Causation Theories
OBJ: Define criminogenesis
TOP: Criminological Theory
What is the focus of the study of reactions towards breaking laws?
Correct Answer: How criminals and the government react to law-breaking,
contributing to modern measures for treating offenders
,Expert Rationale:
This area of criminology examines the responses of both society and governmental
institutions to criminal behavior. It includes how law enforcement, courts, and
correctional systems respond to offenders, as well as how offenders themselves
react to punishment and legal sanctions. These reactions influence the development
of modern correctional policies and rehabilitation strategies aimed at reducing
recidivism.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Criminological Response Studies
OBJ: Identify focus of legal reaction studies
TOP: Criminal Justice Response Systems
Is criminology considered a science?
Correct Answer: George Wilker argued it cannot become a science due to lack of
universal validity, while Edwin H. Sutherland believed it could become one in the
future
Expert Rationale:
The classification of criminology as a science has been debated among scholars.
George Wilker argued that criminology lacks universal laws and consistent
predictability, making it difficult to classify as a true science. In contrast, Edwin H.
Sutherland viewed criminology as a developing scientific discipline that could
achieve scientific status through improved methods and empirical research. This
debate reflects the evolving nature of criminological study.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Philosophy of Criminology
OBJ: Explain scientific status of criminology
TOP: Criminological Theory Debate
What is Edwin Sutherland’s definition of criminology?
Correct Answer: A body of knowledge regarding delinquency and crime as a
social phenomenon, including the making and breaking of laws and reactions to
law-breaking
Expert Rationale:
Edwin H. Sutherland defined criminology as the systematic study of crime as a
social phenomenon, encompassing law creation, law violation, and societal
responses to criminal behavior. His definition emphasizes that crime must be
, understood within its social context rather than solely as an individual act. This
perspective significantly influenced modern sociological criminology.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Classical Criminological Theory
OBJ: Identify Sutherland’s definition
TOP: Sociological Criminology
What methods do criminologists use in their research?
Correct Answer: Objective research methods including analysis of existing
records, experimental designs, surveys, historical analysis, and content analysis
Expert Rationale:
Criminologists use a variety of empirical and systematic research methods to study
crime and criminal behavior. These include analyzing official records, conducting
surveys, designing controlled experiments, reviewing historical data, and
performing content analysis. These methods ensure that findings are based on
observable evidence and help improve the reliability and validity of criminological
conclusions.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Criminological Research Methods
OBJ: Identify research methods in criminology
TOP: Criminological Methodology
What does the making of laws in criminology involve?
Correct Answer: The examination of the nature and structure of laws in society to
understand crime causation
Expert Rationale:
The study of law-making in criminology focuses on how laws are created,
structured, and applied within society. It examines the social, political, and
economic factors that influence legislation and how these laws relate to patterns of
criminal behavior. Understanding law formation helps criminologists analyze why
certain behaviors are criminalized and how legal systems shape crime rates.
DIF: Knowledge
REF: Law and Society Studies
OBJ: Explain law-making in criminology
TOP: Legal Foundations of Crime
