ITC 388 Advancement Practice Exam 1
Questions and Answers with Rationale Latest
Versions 2026
What info do users need: top managers
◦Use IT to develop long-range strategic plans
Require information such as economic forecasts, technology
trends, competitive threats, and governmental issues
What info do users need: middle managers and knowledge
workers
◦Middle managers provide direction, resources, and performance
feedback to supervisors and team leaders
Require more detailed information than top managers
◦Knowledge workers provide support for the organization's basic
functions
What info do users need: Supervisors and Team Leaders
◦Oversee operational employees and carry out day-to-day
functions
Require decision support information, knowledge management
systems, and user productivity systems
What info do users need: Operational Employees
◦Rely on TP systems to enter and receive data they need to
perform their jobs
◦Empowered to handle tasks and make decisions that were
assigned previously to supervisors
system development tools: modeling
◦Graphical representation of a concept or process
Business model
Data model
,Object model
Network model
Process model
system development tools: prototyping
◦Early working version of an information system Disadvantage
- Important decisions might be made before business or IT
issues are thoroughly understood
◦A prototype based on careful fact-finding and modeling techniques
can be an extremely valuable tool
system development tools: CASE
◦Known as computer-aided software engineering
◦Provide an overall framework for systems development
◦Support design methodologies
Structured analysis
Object-oriented analysis
◦Generate program code
Speeds the implementation process
systems development methods
structured analysis
object oriented analysis
agile/ adaptive methods
systems development methods: structured analysis
◦Time-tested and easy to understand
◦Uses the systems development life cycle (SDLC)
◦Based on predictive approach
◦Process-centered technique
Uses process models to graphically describe a system
◦Addresses data organization and structure, relational database
design, and user interface issues
◦The SDLC describes activities and functions that all systems
developers perform, regardless of which approach they use
steps in systems development life cycle
,systems planning
systems analysis
system design
system implementation
systems security and support
system planning
Initiated by a systems request
Goal - To perform a preliminary investigation
Feasibility study: Reviews anticipated costs and benefits and
recommends a course of actionInitiated by a systems request
Goal - To perform a preliminary investigation
Feasibility study: Reviews anticipated costs and benefits and
recommends a course of action
system analysis
Goal - To build a logical model of the new system
Requirements modeling: Analyst investigates business processes
and documents the functions to be performed by the new system
Deliverable - System requirements document
system design
Goal - To create a physical model that satisfies all documented
requirements
User interface is designed and application architecture is
determined
Outputs, inputs, and processes are identified
Deliverable - System design specification
Management and user involvement is critical
System implementation
New system is constructed, programs are written, tested, and
documented, and the system is installed
Deliverable - A completely functional and documented information
system
Includes systems evaluation
system support and security
, IT staff maintains, enhances, and protects the system
A well-designed system must be secure, reliable, maintainable,
and scalable
Object-oriented analysis
◦Combines data and the processes that act on the data into
objects
Object: Member of a class, which possesses properties
O-O methodology provides easy transition to O-O programming
languages like Java
agile methods
◦Involve building and constantly adjusting a series of prototypes to
user requirements
◦Use a spiral model
◦ Allow developers to be more flexible and responsive
spiral model
Series of iterations based on user feedback
Feedback from prior steps is incorporated in each incremental
step
disadvantages of agile methods
Riskier than traditional methods
Weak documentation and blurred lines of accountability
Lack of emphasis on the larger business picture
Joint Application Development (JAD)
Focuses on team-based fact-finding
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
A compressed version of the entire development process
Application Development
◦Systems are developed by teams consisting of users, managers, and
IT staff members
systems support and security
◦Provides vital protection and maintenance services
user support
Questions and Answers with Rationale Latest
Versions 2026
What info do users need: top managers
◦Use IT to develop long-range strategic plans
Require information such as economic forecasts, technology
trends, competitive threats, and governmental issues
What info do users need: middle managers and knowledge
workers
◦Middle managers provide direction, resources, and performance
feedback to supervisors and team leaders
Require more detailed information than top managers
◦Knowledge workers provide support for the organization's basic
functions
What info do users need: Supervisors and Team Leaders
◦Oversee operational employees and carry out day-to-day
functions
Require decision support information, knowledge management
systems, and user productivity systems
What info do users need: Operational Employees
◦Rely on TP systems to enter and receive data they need to
perform their jobs
◦Empowered to handle tasks and make decisions that were
assigned previously to supervisors
system development tools: modeling
◦Graphical representation of a concept or process
Business model
Data model
,Object model
Network model
Process model
system development tools: prototyping
◦Early working version of an information system Disadvantage
- Important decisions might be made before business or IT
issues are thoroughly understood
◦A prototype based on careful fact-finding and modeling techniques
can be an extremely valuable tool
system development tools: CASE
◦Known as computer-aided software engineering
◦Provide an overall framework for systems development
◦Support design methodologies
Structured analysis
Object-oriented analysis
◦Generate program code
Speeds the implementation process
systems development methods
structured analysis
object oriented analysis
agile/ adaptive methods
systems development methods: structured analysis
◦Time-tested and easy to understand
◦Uses the systems development life cycle (SDLC)
◦Based on predictive approach
◦Process-centered technique
Uses process models to graphically describe a system
◦Addresses data organization and structure, relational database
design, and user interface issues
◦The SDLC describes activities and functions that all systems
developers perform, regardless of which approach they use
steps in systems development life cycle
,systems planning
systems analysis
system design
system implementation
systems security and support
system planning
Initiated by a systems request
Goal - To perform a preliminary investigation
Feasibility study: Reviews anticipated costs and benefits and
recommends a course of actionInitiated by a systems request
Goal - To perform a preliminary investigation
Feasibility study: Reviews anticipated costs and benefits and
recommends a course of action
system analysis
Goal - To build a logical model of the new system
Requirements modeling: Analyst investigates business processes
and documents the functions to be performed by the new system
Deliverable - System requirements document
system design
Goal - To create a physical model that satisfies all documented
requirements
User interface is designed and application architecture is
determined
Outputs, inputs, and processes are identified
Deliverable - System design specification
Management and user involvement is critical
System implementation
New system is constructed, programs are written, tested, and
documented, and the system is installed
Deliverable - A completely functional and documented information
system
Includes systems evaluation
system support and security
, IT staff maintains, enhances, and protects the system
A well-designed system must be secure, reliable, maintainable,
and scalable
Object-oriented analysis
◦Combines data and the processes that act on the data into
objects
Object: Member of a class, which possesses properties
O-O methodology provides easy transition to O-O programming
languages like Java
agile methods
◦Involve building and constantly adjusting a series of prototypes to
user requirements
◦Use a spiral model
◦ Allow developers to be more flexible and responsive
spiral model
Series of iterations based on user feedback
Feedback from prior steps is incorporated in each incremental
step
disadvantages of agile methods
Riskier than traditional methods
Weak documentation and blurred lines of accountability
Lack of emphasis on the larger business picture
Joint Application Development (JAD)
Focuses on team-based fact-finding
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
A compressed version of the entire development process
Application Development
◦Systems are developed by teams consisting of users, managers, and
IT staff members
systems support and security
◦Provides vital protection and maintenance services
user support
