PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM zm
Exam Solution
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Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 4 2026 A+ GRADE AS zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
SURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWER
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S (4F342)
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QUESTION 1 zm
It is TRUE that the specificity theory of pain:
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A. focuses on the attention of pain.
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B. focuses on previous experience of pain.
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C. relates the amount of pain to the amount of soft tissue injury.
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D. relates to the emotions exhibited toward pain.
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ANSWER
C. relates the amount of pain to the amount of soft tissue injury.
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QUESTION 2 zm
Which pair of structures regulates the complex emotional responses to pain?
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A. Frontal and cerebellar lobes
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B. Limbic and reticular system
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C. Thalamus and brainstem
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D. Midbrain and nuclei of thalamus
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ANSWER
B. Limbic and reticular system
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QUESTION 3 zm
Which activity has been documented to increase the levels of circulating endogenous
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endorphins?
A. Cough
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B. Stress
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C. Sleep
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D. Pain
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,ANSWER
B. Stress
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QUESTION 4 zm
The appropriate definition of perceptual dominance is:
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A. the duration of time or intensity of pain before overt pain responses are initiated.
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B. pain at one location that may cause an increase in threshold at another location.
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C. repeated exposure to a pain stimulus.
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D. the point at which pain is perceived.
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ANSWER
B. pain at one location that may cause an increase in threshold at another location.
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QUESTION 5 zm
The appropriate term for pain that is present in an area distant from its point of origi
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n is:
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A. acute pain.
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B. chronic pain.
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C. referred pain.
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D. somatic pain.
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ANSWER
C. referred pain.
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QUESTION 6 zm
Which mechanism does not result in heat loss?
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A. Increased respiration
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B. Conduction
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C. Convection
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D. Vasoconstriction
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ANSWER
D. Vasoconstriction
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QUESTION 7 zm
A benefit of fever to human blood includes:
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A. decreased lymphocytic transformation.
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B. diminished phagocytosis.
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,C. increased iron concentration.
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D. a switch to lipolysis and proteolysis.
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ANSWER
D. a switch to lipolysis and proteolysis.
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QUESTION 8 zm
A patient who was outside on a summer day and is now experiencing increased sweat
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ing and thirst, weakness, and dizziness is exhibiting signs of:
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A. heat cramps.
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B. heat exhaustion.
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C. hyperthermic stroke.
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D. malignant hyperthermia.
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ANSWER
B. heat exhaustion.
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QUESTION 9 zm
An obese male presents to a sleep clinic complaining of difficulty sleeping. He reports
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that he wakes gasping for air. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
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A. Primary hypersomnia
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B. Parasomnia
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C. Somnambulism
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D. Obstructive sleep apnea
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ANSWER
D. Obstructive sleep apnea
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QUESTION 10 zm
Involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic movement of the eyes is referred to as:
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A. nystagmus.
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B. amblyopia.
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C. glaucoma.
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D. strabismus.
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ANSWER
A. nystagmus.
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QUESTION 11 zm
, A young child presents with redness of the eyes. The parents indicate that this conditi
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on seems to be "going around" the daycare. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
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A. Blepharitis
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B. Keratitis
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C. Trachoma
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D. Conjunctivitis
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ANSWER
D. Conjunctivitis
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QUESTION 12 zm
Which type of hearing loss is a result of foreign body obstruction of the middle ear?
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A. Conductive
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B. Sensorineural
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C. Functional
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D. Presbycusis
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ANSWER
A. Conductive
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QUESTION 13 zm
A patient who reports that "everything tastes unpleasant" is exhibiting symptoms of:
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A. hyposmia.
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B. anosmia.
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C. hypogeusia.
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D. dysgeusia.
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ANSWER
D. dysgeusia.
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QUESTION 14 zm
Endogenous opioids include: (select all that apply)
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A. enkephalins.
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B. endorphins.
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C. dynorphins.
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D. endomorphins.
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E. denkephalins.
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ANSWER
A. enkephalins.
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B. endorphins.
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Exam Solution
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Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 4 2026 A+ GRADE AS zm zm zm zm zm zm zm
SURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWER
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S (4F342)
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QUESTION 1 zm
It is TRUE that the specificity theory of pain:
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A. focuses on the attention of pain.
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B. focuses on previous experience of pain.
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C. relates the amount of pain to the amount of soft tissue injury.
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D. relates to the emotions exhibited toward pain.
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ANSWER
C. relates the amount of pain to the amount of soft tissue injury.
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QUESTION 2 zm
Which pair of structures regulates the complex emotional responses to pain?
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A. Frontal and cerebellar lobes
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B. Limbic and reticular system
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C. Thalamus and brainstem
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D. Midbrain and nuclei of thalamus
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ANSWER
B. Limbic and reticular system
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QUESTION 3 zm
Which activity has been documented to increase the levels of circulating endogenous
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endorphins?
A. Cough
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B. Stress
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C. Sleep
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D. Pain
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,ANSWER
B. Stress
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QUESTION 4 zm
The appropriate definition of perceptual dominance is:
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A. the duration of time or intensity of pain before overt pain responses are initiated.
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B. pain at one location that may cause an increase in threshold at another location.
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C. repeated exposure to a pain stimulus.
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D. the point at which pain is perceived.
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ANSWER
B. pain at one location that may cause an increase in threshold at another location.
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QUESTION 5 zm
The appropriate term for pain that is present in an area distant from its point of origi
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n is:
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A. acute pain.
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B. chronic pain.
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C. referred pain.
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D. somatic pain.
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ANSWER
C. referred pain.
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QUESTION 6 zm
Which mechanism does not result in heat loss?
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A. Increased respiration
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B. Conduction
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C. Convection
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D. Vasoconstriction
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ANSWER
D. Vasoconstriction
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QUESTION 7 zm
A benefit of fever to human blood includes:
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A. decreased lymphocytic transformation.
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B. diminished phagocytosis.
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,C. increased iron concentration.
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D. a switch to lipolysis and proteolysis.
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ANSWER
D. a switch to lipolysis and proteolysis.
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QUESTION 8 zm
A patient who was outside on a summer day and is now experiencing increased sweat
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ing and thirst, weakness, and dizziness is exhibiting signs of:
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A. heat cramps.
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B. heat exhaustion.
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C. hyperthermic stroke.
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D. malignant hyperthermia.
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ANSWER
B. heat exhaustion.
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QUESTION 9 zm
An obese male presents to a sleep clinic complaining of difficulty sleeping. He reports
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that he wakes gasping for air. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
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A. Primary hypersomnia
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B. Parasomnia
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C. Somnambulism
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D. Obstructive sleep apnea
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ANSWER
D. Obstructive sleep apnea
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QUESTION 10 zm
Involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic movement of the eyes is referred to as:
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A. nystagmus.
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B. amblyopia.
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C. glaucoma.
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D. strabismus.
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ANSWER
A. nystagmus.
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QUESTION 11 zm
, A young child presents with redness of the eyes. The parents indicate that this conditi
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on seems to be "going around" the daycare. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
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A. Blepharitis
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B. Keratitis
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C. Trachoma
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D. Conjunctivitis
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ANSWER
D. Conjunctivitis
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QUESTION 12 zm
Which type of hearing loss is a result of foreign body obstruction of the middle ear?
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A. Conductive
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B. Sensorineural
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C. Functional
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D. Presbycusis
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ANSWER
A. Conductive
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QUESTION 13 zm
A patient who reports that "everything tastes unpleasant" is exhibiting symptoms of:
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A. hyposmia.
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B. anosmia.
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C. hypogeusia.
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D. dysgeusia.
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ANSWER
D. dysgeusia.
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QUESTION 14 zm
Endogenous opioids include: (select all that apply)
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A. enkephalins.
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B. endorphins.
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C. dynorphins.
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D. endomorphins.
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E. denkephalins.
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ANSWER
A. enkephalins.
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B. endorphins.
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