Page 1 of 137
Critical Care Exam 3 | Notes on Thermal
Injuries & Renal Disorders | 2026 Update with
complete solutions - Molloy College.
Q1. The three zones of a burn injury are:
A) Epidermal, dermal, subcutaneous
B) Zone of coagulation, zone of stasis, zone of hyperaemia
C) Superficial, partial thickness, full thickness
D) Inflammatory, proliferative, maturation
Answer: B
Rationale: The classic Jackson’s burn zones: central zone of
coagulation (irreversible tissue loss), surrounding zone of stasis
(potentially salvageable with good resuscitation), and outer zone
of hyperaemia (increased blood flow, reversible).
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Q2. (Scenario) A patient sustains a scald burn from hot coffee.
The skin is red, moist, blistered, and extremely painful. This is
best described as:
A) Superficial (first-degree) burn
B) Superficial partial-thickness (second-degree) burn
C) Deep partial-thickness burn
D) Full-thickness (third-degree) burn
Answer: B
Rationale: Superficial partial-thickness burns involve the
epidermis and papillary dermis. They are red, moist, blistered,
and very painful because nerve endings are intact.
Q3. A full-thickness (third-degree) burn is characterised by:
A) Painful blisters
B) Waxy, leathery, insensate skin
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C) Red, weeping surface
D) Blanching with pressure
Answer: B
Rationale: Full-thickness burns destroy the entire dermis, including
nerve endings, so they are painless to pinprick. The skin appears
waxy, white, brown, or charred and leathery.
Q4. The Parkland formula for fluid resuscitation in the first 24
hours after a burn is:
A) 2 mL × kg body weight × % TBSA burn
B) 4 mL × kg body weight × % TBSA burn
C) 6 mL × kg body weight × % TBSA burn
D) 8 mL × kg body weight × % TBSA burn
Answer: B
Rationale: The Parkland formula is 4 mL/kg/%TBSA for the first
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24 hours. Half is given in the first 8 hours from the time of injury,
half over the next 16 hours.
Q5. The Lund and Browder chart is preferred over the “rule of
nines” for burn size estimation because:
A) It is faster
B) It accounts for changes in body surface area with age
C) It is only used for electrical burns
D) It does not require calculation
Answer: B
Rationale: Lund and Browder charts adjust for the larger head
size and smaller leg proportions in children, making them more
accurate for paediatric burns.
Q6. (Scenario) An adult with 40% TBSA burns arrives 2 hours
after injury. According to the Parkland formula, how much fluid
Critical Care Exam 3 | Notes on Thermal
Injuries & Renal Disorders | 2026 Update with
complete solutions - Molloy College.
Q1. The three zones of a burn injury are:
A) Epidermal, dermal, subcutaneous
B) Zone of coagulation, zone of stasis, zone of hyperaemia
C) Superficial, partial thickness, full thickness
D) Inflammatory, proliferative, maturation
Answer: B
Rationale: The classic Jackson’s burn zones: central zone of
coagulation (irreversible tissue loss), surrounding zone of stasis
(potentially salvageable with good resuscitation), and outer zone
of hyperaemia (increased blood flow, reversible).
,Page 2 of 137
Q2. (Scenario) A patient sustains a scald burn from hot coffee.
The skin is red, moist, blistered, and extremely painful. This is
best described as:
A) Superficial (first-degree) burn
B) Superficial partial-thickness (second-degree) burn
C) Deep partial-thickness burn
D) Full-thickness (third-degree) burn
Answer: B
Rationale: Superficial partial-thickness burns involve the
epidermis and papillary dermis. They are red, moist, blistered,
and very painful because nerve endings are intact.
Q3. A full-thickness (third-degree) burn is characterised by:
A) Painful blisters
B) Waxy, leathery, insensate skin
,Page 3 of 137
C) Red, weeping surface
D) Blanching with pressure
Answer: B
Rationale: Full-thickness burns destroy the entire dermis, including
nerve endings, so they are painless to pinprick. The skin appears
waxy, white, brown, or charred and leathery.
Q4. The Parkland formula for fluid resuscitation in the first 24
hours after a burn is:
A) 2 mL × kg body weight × % TBSA burn
B) 4 mL × kg body weight × % TBSA burn
C) 6 mL × kg body weight × % TBSA burn
D) 8 mL × kg body weight × % TBSA burn
Answer: B
Rationale: The Parkland formula is 4 mL/kg/%TBSA for the first
, Page 4 of 137
24 hours. Half is given in the first 8 hours from the time of injury,
half over the next 16 hours.
Q5. The Lund and Browder chart is preferred over the “rule of
nines” for burn size estimation because:
A) It is faster
B) It accounts for changes in body surface area with age
C) It is only used for electrical burns
D) It does not require calculation
Answer: B
Rationale: Lund and Browder charts adjust for the larger head
size and smaller leg proportions in children, making them more
accurate for paediatric burns.
Q6. (Scenario) An adult with 40% TBSA burns arrives 2 hours
after injury. According to the Parkland formula, how much fluid
