ISDS 351 FINAL ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ An IS manager is focusing on the people component of Leavitt's Diamond
when he or she _____..
Answer: ensures that the IS help desk is available during work hours
◍ True.
Answer: A dependency pertains to the sequencing of project activities or
tasks.
◍ False.
Answer: After defining project activities, the next step in project time
management is developing the schedule.
◍ Which type of information system do organizations use to define structured
interactions among employees or between the organizational and external
customers, suppliers, or business partners?.
Answer: enterprise information system
◍ Which component of Leavitt's Diamond defines roles, responsibilities, and
lines of authority among members of the organization, which must be
understood and accepted for the organization to operate successfully?.
Answer: structure
◍ Critical Path.
Answer: A(n) ...... for a project is the series of activities that determine the
earliest time by which the project can be completed.
◍ False.
Answer: In a critical path analysis, the shortest path is what drives the
, completion date for the project.
◍ False.
Answer: In a Gantt Chart, thick black bars represent milestones achieved in
a project.
◍ If an IS organization is viewed as a cost center/service provider, its strategic
planning process is typically directed inward and focused on determining
how to do what it is currently doing but doing it cheaper, faster, and better..
Answer: True
◍ Project Management Plan Update.
Answer: In project time management, a(n) ....... is an output of controlling
the schedule.
◍ False.
Answer: In project time management, one should control the schedule
before estimating the duration for each activity.
◍ Twitter is a microblogging service..
Answer: True
◍ Developing a Schedule.
Answer: In project time management, the ultimate goal of ...... is to provide
a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project.
◍ _____ is a process for driving traffic to a Web site by using techniques that
improve the site's ranking in search results..
Answer: Search engine optimization
◍ A telecommunications protocol is any material substance that carries an
electronic signal to support communications between a sending and
receiving device..
Answer: False
◍ The ancestor of the Internet was _____..
Answer: the ARPANET
◍ A single-tenant cloud computing environment is also known as a(n) _____..
, Answer: private cloud
◍ Redundancy in data center hardware and file storage locations is a common
problem for businesses who decide to implement cloud computing..
Answer: False
◍ Ballpark.
Answer: A rough order of magnitude estimate can be referred to as a .......
estimate.
◍ Because of the danger of vendor lock-in, organizations must choose a cloud
provider wisely..
Answer: True
◍ One benefit of the cloud computing option known as software as a service is
_____..
Answer: lower costs compared with licensing needed applications
◍ Not directly related to the products or series of a project..
Answer: Indirect costs are?
◍ A manufacturing firm cannot benefit from implementing an IoT because the
risk of hacking is far too high..
Answer: False
◍ According to the diffusion of innovation theory, which strategy is
recommended when rolling out a new information system to a group of
innovators?.
Answer: simply provide them with access to the new system and get out of
their way
◍ False.
Answer: Intangible costs can be easily measured in monetary terms.
◍ Typically, information systems planning is not tied to overall strategic
planning..
Answer: False
◍ False.
, Answer: It is important for project managers to focus on indirect costs
because they can be easily controlled.
◍ Direct.
Answer: Newtech Inc. hires John for the position of a software programmer
to work on their new project. Salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. would be
an example of ....... costs.
◍ What topics are considered so important that they are placed on top of the
strategic planning pyramid?.
Answer: mission and vision
◍ False.
Answer: A budgetary estimate is the most accurate of the three types of
estimates.
◍ Cost.
Answer: Accounts define ......... as a resource sacrificed or foregone to
achieve a specific objective.
◍ Which type of IS project has the highest risk of failure?.
Answer: breakthrough
◍ Which knowledge area involves defining and managing all the work
required to complete the project successfully?.
Answer: Project scope management
◍ Profit.
Answer: ........ are revenues minus expenditures.
◍ Which organization provides certification as a Project Management
Professional?.
Answer: PMI
◍ Every project should have a well-defined objective..
Answer: True
◍ Which objective is true of projects?.
Answer: They have a unique purpose.
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ An IS manager is focusing on the people component of Leavitt's Diamond
when he or she _____..
Answer: ensures that the IS help desk is available during work hours
◍ True.
Answer: A dependency pertains to the sequencing of project activities or
tasks.
◍ False.
Answer: After defining project activities, the next step in project time
management is developing the schedule.
◍ Which type of information system do organizations use to define structured
interactions among employees or between the organizational and external
customers, suppliers, or business partners?.
Answer: enterprise information system
◍ Which component of Leavitt's Diamond defines roles, responsibilities, and
lines of authority among members of the organization, which must be
understood and accepted for the organization to operate successfully?.
Answer: structure
◍ Critical Path.
Answer: A(n) ...... for a project is the series of activities that determine the
earliest time by which the project can be completed.
◍ False.
Answer: In a critical path analysis, the shortest path is what drives the
, completion date for the project.
◍ False.
Answer: In a Gantt Chart, thick black bars represent milestones achieved in
a project.
◍ If an IS organization is viewed as a cost center/service provider, its strategic
planning process is typically directed inward and focused on determining
how to do what it is currently doing but doing it cheaper, faster, and better..
Answer: True
◍ Project Management Plan Update.
Answer: In project time management, a(n) ....... is an output of controlling
the schedule.
◍ False.
Answer: In project time management, one should control the schedule
before estimating the duration for each activity.
◍ Twitter is a microblogging service..
Answer: True
◍ Developing a Schedule.
Answer: In project time management, the ultimate goal of ...... is to provide
a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project.
◍ _____ is a process for driving traffic to a Web site by using techniques that
improve the site's ranking in search results..
Answer: Search engine optimization
◍ A telecommunications protocol is any material substance that carries an
electronic signal to support communications between a sending and
receiving device..
Answer: False
◍ The ancestor of the Internet was _____..
Answer: the ARPANET
◍ A single-tenant cloud computing environment is also known as a(n) _____..
, Answer: private cloud
◍ Redundancy in data center hardware and file storage locations is a common
problem for businesses who decide to implement cloud computing..
Answer: False
◍ Ballpark.
Answer: A rough order of magnitude estimate can be referred to as a .......
estimate.
◍ Because of the danger of vendor lock-in, organizations must choose a cloud
provider wisely..
Answer: True
◍ One benefit of the cloud computing option known as software as a service is
_____..
Answer: lower costs compared with licensing needed applications
◍ Not directly related to the products or series of a project..
Answer: Indirect costs are?
◍ A manufacturing firm cannot benefit from implementing an IoT because the
risk of hacking is far too high..
Answer: False
◍ According to the diffusion of innovation theory, which strategy is
recommended when rolling out a new information system to a group of
innovators?.
Answer: simply provide them with access to the new system and get out of
their way
◍ False.
Answer: Intangible costs can be easily measured in monetary terms.
◍ Typically, information systems planning is not tied to overall strategic
planning..
Answer: False
◍ False.
, Answer: It is important for project managers to focus on indirect costs
because they can be easily controlled.
◍ Direct.
Answer: Newtech Inc. hires John for the position of a software programmer
to work on their new project. Salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. would be
an example of ....... costs.
◍ What topics are considered so important that they are placed on top of the
strategic planning pyramid?.
Answer: mission and vision
◍ False.
Answer: A budgetary estimate is the most accurate of the three types of
estimates.
◍ Cost.
Answer: Accounts define ......... as a resource sacrificed or foregone to
achieve a specific objective.
◍ Which type of IS project has the highest risk of failure?.
Answer: breakthrough
◍ Which knowledge area involves defining and managing all the work
required to complete the project successfully?.
Answer: Project scope management
◍ Profit.
Answer: ........ are revenues minus expenditures.
◍ Which organization provides certification as a Project Management
Professional?.
Answer: PMI
◍ Every project should have a well-defined objective..
Answer: True
◍ Which objective is true of projects?.
Answer: They have a unique purpose.
